Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/698

 L-arabinose, d-xylose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, maltose, lactose, su- crose, trehalose, cellobiose, alpha-methyl- glucoside, esculin, amygdalin, salicin, mannitol, sorbitol, dextrin, glycogen and potato starch are fermented. RafEnose, melibiose, adonitol, erythritol, glycerol, inositol, cellulose and pectin not fermented. Rhamnose and dulcitol may or may not be fermented. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Sodium sulfate and sulfite not reduced. Egg albumin: No growth. Beef heart infusion: No growth. Brain medium: Slow growth; slight gas production; no blackening nor digestion. Blood agar: No growth. Anaerobic. Temperature relations: Optimum, be- tween 55° and 60° C. Grows between 37° and 67° C. Optimum pH, between 6.2 and 7.2. Distinctive character: Differentiated from Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum Mc- Clung by the fermentation of tartrate. Source: Isolated from crude tartrates, grape pomace and other industrial samples containing crude tartrate; also isolated from vineyard soils. Habitat: Found in soil and in natural substances containing tartrate. 62. Clostridium sporosphaeroides So- riano and Soriano, 1948. (Rev. Asoc. Ar- gentina Dietol., 6, 1948, 36.) spo.ro. sphae.ro 'i.des. Gr. noun sporus seed; M.L. noun spora spore; Gr. adj. sphaeroides globular; M.L. adj. sporosphae- roides spheroidal-spored. Rods, 0.6 to 0.7 by 5.0 to 8.0 microns. Sporulation after 48 hours, forming plec- tridia with a terminal spore that is spherical and about 0.7 to 0.9 micron in diameter. Motile. Gelatin: No liquefaction. Yeast autolysate glucose agar colonies: Lenticular with smooth edges. Milk: At the beginning there is very little production of gas with no apparent change in the medium. After one week, partial coagulation commences, forming then a soft clot with a small amount of gas. Meat broth with meat: Slightly turbid; gas is produced. After several days a very scant sediment forms, and there is fairly good sporulation. Heart broth: Good growth with good sporulation and good production of gas. In several days the medium turns viscous. Liver broth: Good growth but little sporulation. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide not produced. Glucose, fructose, arabinose, .xylose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, glycerol, mannitol, dul- citol, salicin, inulin, dextrin and starch not fermented. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Coagulated egg albumin: Not attacked. Brain medium: Good growth with good production of gas. In brain medium with iron filings added, there is no blackening. Von Hibler's medium: Good growth, but the culture medium is not blackened. Anaerobic. Not pathogenic upon inoculation into a small rat. Source: Isolated from a tin of spoiled sardines. Habitat: Not determined. 63. Clostridium tetani (Fliigge, 1886) Holland, 1920. (Tetanusbacillen and Teta- nuserreger, Nicolaier, Deutsch. med. Wochnschr., 10, 1884, 843; Bacillus tetani Fliigge, Die Mikroorganismen, 2 Aufl., 1886, 274; Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 220.) te'ta.ni. Gr. noun tetanus tetanus; M.L. gen. noun tetani of tetanus. Rods, 0.4 to 0.6 by 4.0 to 8.0 microns, with rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs and often in long chains and filaments. Spores spherical, terminal, swelling the cells. Motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Gram-positive. Gelatin: Slow liquefaction and blacken- ing. Agar deep colonies: Fluffy, cottony spheres, usually without visible, central nucleus. Egg 3'olk agar surface colonies : Irregular, somewhat drj', somewhat roughened, with- out precipitate or luster. Serum agar surface colonies (anaerobic) :