Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/685

 ka.ne'bo.i. Etymology Japanese, mean- ing unknown. Straight rods, 0.3 to 0.8 by 2.0 to 7.0 mi- crons, with rounded ends, occurring singly or in chains of two to four cells. Sporangia spindle-shaped, 1.2 to 1.5 bj' 5.0 to 7.0 mi- crons. Spores ovoid, 1.1 to 1.5 by 1.9 to 2.4 microns, central to subterminal. Motile. Gram-positive. Sugar agar surface colonies: Circular, 2 to 5 mm in diameter, raised, moist, smooth edges, pale yellow-white, odor of solvents. Subsurface colonies: Spherical, smooth, gummy, splitting the agar. Cane sugar broth: Good growth; turbid; slight acidity; rich sporulation; abundant slime; liquid is j-ellow-white, milky, semi- translucent with a fragrant odor. Maize, cut yam, soybean mash: Good growth; turbid, with slime. Litmus milk : Good growth ; gas ; acid coag- ulation. Potato slants (anaerobic, 5-day incuba- tion at 37° C): Colonies yellow-brown, 2 mm in diameter, moist, irregular. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide is produced. Xylose, 1-arabinose, glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, lac- tose, alpha-methj'l-d-glucoside, starch, dex- trin, inulin, glycogen, mannitol and salicin are fermented. Trehalose and pectin weakly fermented. Rhamnose, rafiinose, glycerol, dulcitol, calcium lactate, melibiose and sorbitol not attacked. Products of carbohydrate fermentation are acetone, butanol and ethanol. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Anaerobic. Optimum temperature, 37° C; no growth at 45° C. Optimum pH, between 5.6 and 6.7; growth range, pH 4.2 to 9.1. Source: Isolated from soil and from sugar cane plant. Habitat: Probably soil. 35. Clostridium propionicum Cardon and Barker, 1946. (Jour. Bact., 52, 1946, 631.) pro.pi.o'ni.cum. M.L. noun acidum pro- pionicum propionic acid; M.L. adj. propion- icus pertaining to propionic acid. Spindle-shaped rods, 0.8 by 3.0 microns, occurring singly or more commonly in pairs. Spores ovoid, terminal or subterminal, slightly swelling the cells; separate from sporangium soon after being formed. Spores do not form readily. Motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Gram-negative. Complex nitrogenous or carbohydrate- containing medium without added alanine: No growth. Alanine peptone yeast extract agar deep colonies: Lens-shaped with smooth edges. Liquid medium: Uniformly turbid with gradual clearing in three to four days. Glucose not attacked. Alanine and other fermentations yield propionic acid. Catalase-negative. Anaerobic. Optimum temperature, between 28° and 37° C. Optimum pH, between 7.0 and 7.4. Growth range, pH 5.8 to 8.6. Source: Isolated from black mud from San Francisco Bay. Habitat: Presumably mud. 36. Clostridium setiense (Prevot and Raynaud, 1944) McClung and McCoj-, comb. nov. {Inflabilis setiensis Prdvot and Ray- naud, Ann. Inst. Past., 70, 1944, 51.) se.ti.en'se. M.L. adj. setiensis (probably intended to mean) pertaining to Setia, Italy. Rods, 0.7 by 1.5 to 2.0 microns. Spores subterminal, clostridial. Non-motile. Gram- positive. Gelatin: No liquefaction. Agar deep colonies: Lenticular; gas. Glucose broth: Turbid; non-fetid gas. Peptone broth: Poor growth. Milk: Not coagulated. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide not produced. Glucose, fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, .xylose, arabinose and glycerol fermented. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Coagulated proteins: Not attacked. Anaerobic. Optimum pH, between 7.3 and 8.8.