Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/684

 Not pathogenic for guinea pigs on subcu- taneous inoculation (Cunningham, op. cit., 1931, 12). Source: Originally isolated by Cunning- ham as a dissociant from a culture of Bacil- lus saccharobutyricus von Klecki. Later iso- lated by MacLennan, 1 strain from a culture of Clostridium sporogenes and 2 strains from street dust. Habitat: Not determined. 32. Clostridium subterminale (Hall and Whitehead, 1927) Spray, 1948. {Bacillus subterminalis Hall and Whitehead, Jour. Inf. Dis., 41, 1927, 66; Spray, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 786.) sub.ter.mi.na'le. L. pref. sub under; L. adj. terminalis terminal; M.L. adj. subter- minalis near the end or tip, subterminal. Rods occurring singly, in pairs and rarely in short chains. Spores ovoid, subterminal, swelling the cells. Motile. Gram-positive. Gelatin: Slow liquefaction with slight turbidity and black sediment. Agar deep colonies: Opaque, compact, biconvex or lobate discs. Agar slant (anaerobic) : No surface growth. Glucose broth: Turbid; no acid or gas produced. Milk: Slowly coagulated (2 to 3 days), with mild acidity and gas. Slow but com- plete digestion of casein (8 to 18 days). Indole not produced. Glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose and lactose not fermented. Blood agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : Delicate. At first mildly, later actively, hemolytic. Brain medium: Slightly turbid in super- natant fluid. Slight gas production and slow digestion. Iron brain medium: Blackening in 2 to 3 days. Tyrosine crystals not observable. Anaerobic. Grows well at 37° C. Not pathogenic for guinea pigs on sub- cutaneous injection. Source: Isolated from an African arrow- head. Habitat: Not determined. 33. Clostridium lactoacetophilum Bhat and Barker, 1947. (Jour. Bact., 54, 1947, 384.) lac.to.a.ce.to'phi.lum. L. noun lactosum lactose; L. noun acidum aceticum acetic acid; Gr. adj. philus loving; M.L. adj. lactoaceto- philus loving a combination of lactate and acetate. Rods, 0.7 to 0.9 by 3.0 to 8.0 microns, oc- curring singly, in pairs and occasionally in short chains. Spores ovoid, 1.1 by 1.5 mi- crons, subterminal, swelling the cells. Not encapsulated. Motile by means of peritri- chous flagella. Gram-positive, becoming Gram-negative. Colonies: Generally compact, fluffy, dark gray spheres composed of filamentous out- growths; coarsely lobed, rough-edged, even- tually reaching a diameter of 1 to 2 mm. Colonies rubbery mucoid. Iron-milk: Slightly acidified without clot- ting; little gas produced. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide produced in slight amounts. Glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, rhamnose, lactose, su- crose, maltose, trehalose, raffinose, dextrin, glycogen, starch, xylan, mannitol, inositol, inulin, sorbitol and dulcitol are readily fer- mented (yeast autolysate basal medium). Glycerol and lactate not attacked in basal medium unless 0.8 per cent sodium acetate is added. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Atmospheric nitrogen fixed, though not as actively as by Clostridium pasieurianum Winogradsky (Rosenblum and Wilson, Jour. Bact., 57, 1949, 413). Anaerobic. Optimum temperature, approximately 39° C; growth range, 16° to 46° C. Chemical tolerance: Optimum pH, be- tween 6.2 and 7.4; pH range, 5.6 to 8.4. Distinctive character: Ferments lactate, producing butyric acid. Source: Isolated from soil. Habitat: Soil. 34. Clostridium kaneboi Nakahama and Harada, 1949. (Jour. Agr. Chem. Soc. Japan, 23, 1949, 178.)