Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/679

 Agar deep colonies: Lenticular, small. Milk: Digested in four days. VF glucose broth: Abundantly turbid; sediment; weakly acid. Indole and skatole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide produced in small amounts. Glucose and galactose weakly fermented. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Coagulated proteins: Not attacked. Strictly anaerobic. Optimum temperature, 37° C. Not pathogenic for guinea pigs. Source: Isolated from mud from an Afri- can lagoon. Habitat: Presumably soil. 24. Clostridium acetobutylicuni ISIc- Coy et al., 1926. (McCoy, Fred, Peterson and Hastings, Jour. Inf. Dis., 39, 1926, 483; also see ibid., 46, 1930, 118.) a.ce.to.bu.ty'li.cum. L. noun acetum vinegar; Gr. noun hutyrum butter; M.L. adj. butylicum butjdic, having the butyl radical, as in butyl alcohol; M.L. adj. aceto- butylicus acetic acid and butyl alcohol (-pro- ducing). Straight rods, with rounded ends, occur- ring singly and in pairs but not in chains. The vegetative cells measure 0.6 to 0.72 by 2.6 to 4.7 microns, the Clostridia, 1.3 to 1.6 by 4.7 to 5.5 microns. Spores ovoid, eccentric to subterminal, swelling the cells to Clos- tridia. Not encapsulated. Motile by means of peritrichous fiagella. Granulose-positive in clostridial stage. Gram-positive, becom- ing Gram-negative. Glucose-gelatin : Liquefaction. Glucose agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : Compact, raised, fairlj^ regular. Glucose agar deep colonies: Compact, typically lenticular and smooth. Agar frag- mented early by abundant gas. Pigmentation: None. Colonies creamy white, opaque. Plain broth: No growth. Glucose broth: Abundantly and uniformly turbid; much gas produced. Litmus milk: Acid and active, often stormy, coagulation. Litmus reduced. Clot fragmented by gas but not visibly digested. Proteolysis demonstrable, however, on milk agar. Potato: Creamy yellow growth. Potato digested to a yellow slime. Maize mash: Much gas with butj-lic odor. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide produced from thio- sulfate or sulfite; generally negative from proteinaceous sources. Acid and gas from arabinose, xylose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, raffinose, melezitose, starch, dextrin, inulin, glj-cogen, d-mannitol, alpha-methyl-glucoside and salicin. Esculin, amygdalin and trehalose are weakly fermented. Melibiose, dulcitol, d-arabitol, perseitol, lactositol, sorbitol, erythritol, adonitol, inositol, quercitol, glycerol, pectin and cellulose are not fer- mented. Fermentation products include acetone, butyl and ethyl alcohols, butyric and acetic acids, H2 and CO2. Acetylmethylcarbinol produced from many carbohydrates. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Ni- trites reduced to ammonia. Atmospheric nitrogen is fixed, though less actively than by Clostridium pasteurianum Winogradsky (Rosenblum and Wilson, Jour. Bact., 57, 1949, 413). Coagulated albumin cubes: Softened and browned by slow digestion. Blood agar: No hemolysis. Blood serum: No liquefaction. Brain medium: No blackening or diges- tion. Anaerobic. Optimum temperature, probably about 37° C. Grows between 20° and 47° C. Not pathogenic for guinea pigs or rabbits. Source: Isolated from maize, molasses, potatoes and garden soil. Habitat: Widely, but apparently sparsely, dispersed in agricultural soils. 25. Clostridium laniganii McClung and McCoy, nom. nov. (Tj^pe II of retting Clos- tridia, Lanigan, Austral. Jour. Sci. Re- search, Ser. B, Biol. Sci., 4, 1951, 474.) la.ni.gan'i.i. M.L. gen. noun laniganii of Lanigan; named for Lanigan, the first to isolate this species. Medium-sized rods with markedly incom- plete fission at 24 hours; by 48 hours the