Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/673

 Coagulated albumin: No liquefaction.

Blood serum: No liquefaction.

Brain medium: No blackening or digestion.

Egg-meat medium: Small gas bubbles in 8 hours. Meat becomes pinkish and the liquid slightly turbid. No blackening or digestion.

Anaerobic.

Optimum temperature, 37° C. Growth occurs at 50° C.

An exotoxin is produced.

Pathogenic for guinea pigs, mice and rabbits. Also pathogenic for hamsters (Ryff and Lee, Science, 101, 1945, 361).

Source: The cause of black leg, black quarter or symptomatic anthrax in cattle and other animals.

Habitat: Probably soil, especially where heavily manured.

19. Clostridium nauseum Spray, 1947. (Jour. Bact., 54, 1947, 15; also see ibid., 55, 1948, 839.)

nau′se.um. Gr. noun nausea sea sickness; M.L. adj. nauseus nauseous, sickening.

Rods, 0.8 to 1.1 by 6.0 to 12.0 microns, with rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs and in short chains of 4 to 6 cells. Spores ellipsoidal to elongate, subterminal, distinctly swelling the cells, often becoming apparently terminal at maturation. Actively motile, especially in young cultures in semi-solid medium, by means of numerous peritrichous flagella. Gram-positive in early vegetative stage, but Gram-negative at sporulation.

Gelatin (or iron-gelatin): Very slow liquefaction; softened at 14 days; complete liquefaction at 30 days; not blackened even in the presence of an iron strip.

Agar surface colonies (anaerobic): Minute, transparent, flat, slightly lobate.

Agar deep colonies: Minute, lenticular, entire, whitish to creamy.

Milk (with iron strip): Solidly coagulated at 4 to 5 days; clot shrinks slowly, but without gas, blackening or digestion. Evidently a rennet curdling, since the whey reaction is neutral to litmus.

Indole production is questionable; if positive, it is obscured by an abundance of skatole. Mercaptan is produced together with other aromatic, putrid, nitrogenous compounds not yet identified.

Lead acetate agar or peptone iron agar (Difco): Blackened in 24 hours.

Acid and gas from glucose, fructose and maltose. Sucrose, lactose, inulin, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol and inositol are not attacked.

Nitrites not produced from nitrates.

Coagulated albumin: No liquefaction.

Blood agar: No hemolysis.

Blood serum: No liquefaction.

Brain medium (Hibler): Blackened but not visibly digested.

Anaerobic.

Optimum temperature not determined, but grows well at both 37° C. and at room temperature.

Not pathogenic for white mice, guinea pigs or rabbits.

Distinctive character: Extremely nauseous, fecal odor, due apparently to some presently unidentified aromatic nitrogenous compound.

Source: Isolated three times from soil.

Habitat: Presumably from soil.

20. Clostridium haemolyticum (Hall, 1929) Hauduroy et al., 1937. (Clostridium hemolyticus bovis (sic) Vawter and Records, Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc, 68 (N.S. 21), 1925-26, 512; Bacillus hemolyticus (sic) Hall, Jour. Inf. Dis., 45, 1929, 156; Clostridium hemolyticum (sic) Hauduroy et al., Diet. d. Bact. Path., 1937, 125.)

hae.mo.ly′ti.cum. Gr. noun haema blood; Gr. adj. lyticus dissolving; M.L. adj. haemolyticus blood-dissolving.

Rods, 1.0 to 1.3 by 3.0 to 5.6 microns, with rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs and in short chains. Spores ovoid to elongate, subterminal, swelling the cells. Motile by means of long, peritrichous flagella. Gram-positive.

Gelatin: Liquefaction.

Agar deep colonies: At first lenticular, becoming densely woolly masses with short, peripheral filaments. Little or no gas produced.

Egg yolk agar surface colonies: Punctiform, surrounded by a wide area of precipitation (McClung and Toabe, Jour. Bact., 53, 1947, 139).