Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/672

 agar media due to extensive hydrogen sul- fide production. Source: Isolated from canned corn show- ing sulfur stinker spoilage; also occasionally isolated from soil and manure. Habitat: Presumably soil, although de- tected with great difficulty. 17. Clostridium septicum (Mac6, 1888) Ford, 1927. (Vibrion septique, Pasteur and Joubert, Compt. rend. Acad. Sci., Paris, 85, 1877, 113; also see Bull. Acad. Med., 2° Ser., 6, 1877, 794; Vibrio pasteurii Trevisan, Reale 1st. Lombardo d. Sci. e Lett., Rendi- conti, Ser. 2, 12, 1879, 147; Bacillus septicus Mace, Traite Prat. d. Bact., 1st ed., 1888, 455; Ford, Textbook of Bact., 1927, 726.) sep'ti.cum. Gr. adj. septicus putrefactive, septic. Description taken from Weinberg and S6guin (La Gang. Gaz., Paris, 1918, 79) and from Hall (Jour. Inf. Dis., 30, 1922, 486). Rods, 0.6 to 0.8 by 3.0 to 8.0 microns, with rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs and in short chains in cultures; long chains and filaments commonly predominate in body exudates. Spores ovoid, eccentric to sub- terminal, swelling the cells. Motile by means of peritrichous fiagella. Gram-positive. Gelatin: Liquefaction with gas bubbles. Agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : Small, transparent, variable in shape. Agar deep colonies: Variable; usually finely filamentous, cottony, spherical. Egg yolk agar surface colonies : Irregular, fiat, moist, somewhat roughened, colorless, without precipitate or luster, often having a tendency to spread. Broth: Slight, diffuse turbidity, with clearing. Litmus milk: Litmus reduced; slow coagu- lation and moderate gas production. Clot not digested. Indole not produced. Acid and gas from glucose, fructose, galac- tose, maltose, lactose and salicin. Sucrose, inulin, mannitol and glycerol not fermented (Hall, ibid., 489). Nitrites produced from nitrates. Coagulated albumin: No liquefaction. Blood agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : Delicate, flat, leaf-like, irregular. Hemol- ytic. Blood serum: No liquefaction. Brain medium: No blackening or diges- tion. Meat medium: Reddened; no blackening or digestion. Anaerobic. Optimum temperature, about 37° C. An exotoxin is produced which is lethal and hemolytic (van Heyningen, Bacterial Toxins, C. C Thomas, Springfield, 1950, 43). Pathogenic for guinea pigs, rabbits, mice and pigeons. Source: Originally isolated from animals inoculated with soil; later from malignant edema of animals, from human war wounds and from cases of appendicitis. Habitat: Found in animal intestines and in manured soils. 18. Clostridium chauvoei (Arloing et al., 1887) Holland, 1920. (Bacterium chauvoei Arloing, Cornevin and Thomas, Le charbon symptomatique du boeuf, Paris, 2nd ed., 1887, 82; Clostridium chauvei (sic) Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 217.) chau.voe'i. M.L. gen. noun chauvoei of Chauveau; named for J. B. A. Chauveau, a French scientist. Rods, 1.0 by 3.0 to 8.0 microns, occurring singly, in pairs and in short chains. Usually show a dark chromatic point near each end. Spores ovoid, eccentric to subterminal, swelling the cells. Motile by means of pe- ritrichous fiagella. Gram-positive. Gelatin: Liquefaction with gas bubbles. Agar surface colonies (anaerobic): Small, grayish, semi-opaque, filamentous. Agar slant (anaerobic) : Grayish, spread- ing growth. Egg yolk agar surface colonies: Circular to slightly irregular, moist, relatively smooth to somewhat roughened, colorless; no precipitate or luster. Broth: Turbid; slightly peptolytic. Litmus milk: Acid; slowly coagulated. Gas may be produced. Clot not digested. Indole not produced (early studies record only a trace). Acid and gas from glucose, fructose, galac- tose, maltose, lactose and sucrose. Inulin, salicin, mannitol, glycerol and dextrin not fermented (Hall, Jour. Inf. Dis., 30, 1922,