Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/665

 tensch., Amsterdam, Tweedie Sectie, Dcel I, 1893, 3; Donker, Thesis, Delft, 1926, 149; also see Sjolander and McCoy, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 97, 1937, 314.) bu.ty'Ii.cum. M.L. adj. butylicus per- taining to the butyl radical. Rods. Large, ovoid spores swelling the cells. Clostridia freely formed. Motile. Granulose-positive in young cultures. Gram-positive. Gelatin: No liquefaction. Glucose agar colonies: Moist, circular to irregular, raised, creamy. Milk: Stormy fermentation. Xj'lose, glucose, sucrose, lactose, man- nitol, salicin, esculin and maize starch are fermented. Glycerol, amygdalin, pectin, cellulose and Ca-lactate are not fermented. Products of glucose fermentation, in addi- tion to acetic and butyric acids, are iso- propyl, butyl and ethyl alcohols and ace- tone. Ferments starch of potato mash; maize mash stai'ch not fermented due to inade- quate growth. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Atmospheric nitrogen fixed, though less actively than by Clostridium pastcurinnum Winogradsky (Rosenblum and Wilson, Jour. Bact., 57, 1949, 413). Coagulated albumin: Action not recorded; assumed negative. Blood agar: No hemolj^sis. Anaerobic. Optimum temperature, 30° C. Source: Isolated from soil. Habitat: Soil. 3. Clostridium beijerinckii Donker, 1926. (Donker, Thesis, Delft, 1926, 145; also see Sjolander and McCoy, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 97, 1937, 314.) bei.jer.inck'i.i. M.L. gen. noun beijer- inckii of Beijerinck; named for Prof. M. W. Beijerinck of Delft, Holland. Large rods, sometimes occurring in chains. Sporulation free, forming Clostridia; spores measure 1.5 by 2.0 microns. Motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Granulose- positive in young Clostridia. Gram-positive. Gelatin: No liquefaction. Glucose agar colonies: Moist, circular to irregular, raised, white to creamy. Milk: Stormy fermentation. Glucose, fructose, lactose, galactose, maltose, sucrose, xylose, mannitol, sorbitol, inositol, inulin, salicin and esculin are fer- mented. Glycerol, dextrin, glycogen, dulci- tol, amygdalin, starch, pectin, cellulose and Ca-lactate are not fermented. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Atmospheric nitrogen fixed, though less actively than by Clostridium pasteuriarmm Winogradsky (Rosenblum and Wilson, Jour. Bact., 57, 1949, 413). Coagulated albumin: Action not recorded; assumed negative. Blood agar: No hemolj-sis. Anaerobic. Optimum temperature, 30° C. Distinctive character: Starch not fer- mented. Source: Isolated from soil and from fer- menting plant tissues. Habitat: Apparently widely distributed in agricultural soils. 4. Clostridium multifermentans Bergey et al., 1923. {Bacillus multiferm.entans ienalbus Stoddard, Lancet, 1, 1919, 12; Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 324.) mul.ti.fer. men 'tans. L. adj.multus much, many; L. part. adj. fermentans fermenting; M.L. part. adj. multifermentans many (sug- ars) -fermenting. Slender rods, with rounded ends, occur- ring singly or in short chains. Ovoid spores, subterminal or central, are freely formed and swell the cells. Motile, though some- times non-motile forms occur in glucose broth. Granulose-positive (Hill, Jour. Bact., 10, 1925, 413). Gram-positive in very young cultures, quickly becoming Gram-negative. Gelatin: No liquefaction (Hill, loc. cit.). Glucose agar surface colonies: Grayish, opaque, 2 to 3 mm in diameter, raised, with sharp edges and irregular outline. Older colonies white and rubbery mucoid. Glucose agar deep colonies: Lenticular, often with horn-like projections. Gas pro- duction common. Carbohydrate-free medium: No growth. Glucose broth: Heavy, fiocculent growth with extensive gas production. Milk: Gas and acid production with coag- ulation; no digestion. Indole not produced.