Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/606

 4. Corynebacteriuni striatum (Ches- ter, 1901) Eberson, 1918. {Bacillus striahis flavus and Bacilhis striatus albits von Be.sser, Beitr. z. path. Anat. u. allgem. Path., 6, 1888, 349; Bacterium striatum Chester, Man. Determ. Bact., 1901, 171; Bacillus flavidus Morse, Jour. Inf. Dis., 11, 1912, 281; Eber- son, Jour. Inf. Dis., £3, 1918, 5 and 22; Co- rynebacterium flavidum Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 218.) stri.a'tum. L. v. strio to groove; L. part, adj. striatus grooved. Original description supplemented by- material taken from Munch-Petersen (Aus- tral. Jour. E.xp. Biol, and Med. Sci., 32, 1954, 367). Pleomorphic rods, many of which are club-shaped, which measure 0.25 to 0.5 by 2.0 to 3.0 microns; coccoid and long, fila- mentous forms increase with the age of the culture. Possess fairly large metachromatic granules arranged so as to produce regular bars (striae or segments). Non-motile. Gram-positive. Gelatin: Good growth. Many cultures liquefy gelatin slowly, while others do not liquefj' even by 5 weeks. Agar colonies: Visible after 48 hours; cir- cular, 1.0 to 1.25 mm in diameter, white, smooth and entire by the fifth day. Agar slants: Visible growth in 48 hours; discrete, white, entire, slightly moist, non- confluent growth in 3 days; profuse, slightly spreading, erose growth in 5 days. Agar shakes: Excellent growth on sur- face and throughout the medium; similar to that on agar plates. Chromogenesis: Some strains produce a yellowish green pigment soluble in the me- dium. Citrate agar: Fair growth similar to that on agar. Broth (with and without serum or glu- cose) : Excellent growth visible in 24 hours; clear supernatant; finely granular, white sediment easily shaken up; no pellicle or growth on surface. Loeffler's serum: Growth moderate, slightly raised, low convex, opaque, erose. Litmus milk: No change in 5 days; reduc- tion may occur in 3 weeks. Potato: Very doubtful growth. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide production slight, if at all. Acid from glucose, fructose, mannose, tre- halose, dextrin and glycogen; acid usually produced from galactose, lactose, maltose and starch; acid occasionally produced from sucrose, glycerol and mannitol. No acid from arabinose, xylose, rhamnose, raffinose, inulin, salicin, amygdalin, eryth- ritol, adonitol, dulcitol, sorbitol or inositol. Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced. Methyl red test usually negative. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Ammonia is not produced. Aerobic. Catalase-positive. Methylene blue may or may not be re- duced. Thermal death point (24-hour broth cul- tures) : 60° C. for 5 minutes. Blood agar: Slight hemolysis around deep but not around surface colonies. Pathogenicity: A 24-hour broth culture, when injected intramuscularly, proved fatal to all of the guinea pigs and to nearly all of the mice which were tested. Comments: Eberson (op. cit., 1918, 5) points out that the description of Bacillus flavidus Morse agrees with that of Bac- terium striatum Chester; therefore with good reason he regards the two species as identical, and they are so regarded here. Munch-Petersen 's description agrees, with minor exceptions, with that of Corynebac- terium flavidum Holland as found in the Manual, 5th ed., 1939, 797. Investigators find no essential differences, other than chromogenesis, between the white and yel- low strains of this species. Source: Originally isolated from nasal mucus and from the throat; also found in the udders of cows with mastitis. Habitat: Probably associated with the mucous membranes and skin glands of mam- mals, including man. 5. Corynebacteriuni pseudotubercu- losis (Buchanan, 1911) Eberson, 1918. (No- card, Bull, de la Soc. Centr. de m6d. Vet., 1885, 207; Pseudotuberculose-Bakterien, Preisz, Cent. f. Bakt., 10, 1891, 568; Bacillus tuberculosis ovis Lehmann and Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 362; Bacillus