Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/554

 Glucose gelatin colonies: Small, white to grayish white, raised, nodular. Glucose gelatin stab: Growth along entire stab. No liquefaction. Sucrose broth: Usually produces slime from sucrose; slime most pronounced in sucrose gelatin stab. Niven, Castellani and AUanson (Jour. Bact., 58, 1949, 633) have described types from meat products that do not produce slime. Pederson and Ward (New York State Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech Bull. 288, 1949) have described similar types from high-salt cucumber brines. Pederson and Albury (Jour. Bact., 70, 1955, 702) have induced such types to produce typical slime by repeated transfers in sucrose solutions. Potato: No visible growth. Indole not produced. Acid from glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, sucrose and generally from lactose, raffinose, salicin and mannitol. Rarely acid from dextrin, starch, inulin, sorbitol, rhamnose or glycerol. Mc- Cleskey, Faville and Barnett (Jour. Bact., 54, 1947, 697) recognize four colonial types which differ somewhat in fermentation reac- tions. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Microaerophilic, facultatively anaerobic. Optimum temperature, between 21° and 25° C. Distinctive characters: Usually active slime producer in sucrose solutions. Mc- Cleskey, Faville and Barnett (op. cit. 1947, 697) recognized four colonial types, A, B, C and F, which differ in amounts of gum, acid and gas produced and in temperature and pH requirements for growth. McCleskey and Barnett (Proc. Louisiana Acad of Sci., 12, 1949, 38) have correlated these with nu- tritional requirements and Leiva-Quiros and McCleskey (Jour. Bact., 54, 1947, 709) with serological relationships. Source: Isolated from slime in a sugar factory. Habitat: Most active species of the genus. Encountered in fermenting vegetable and other plant materials and in prepared meat products. Frequently isolated from slimy sugar solutions. 2. Leuconostoc dextranicuiii (Bei- jerinck, 1912) Hucker and Pederson, 1930. (Lactococcus dextranicus Beijerinck, Folia Microbiologica, Delft, 1912, 377; Hucker and Pederson, New York Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull, 167, 1930, 67.) dex.tra'ni.cum. L. adj. dexter right; M.L. noun dextranum dextran; M.L. adj. dex- tranicus related to dextran. Spheres, 0.6 to 1.0 micron in diameter, occurring in pairs and in short chains. Gram- positive. Gelatin stab : Gray filiform growth in stab. Agar colonies: Small, gray, circular, slightly raised, entire. Glucose broth: Slight grayish sediment. Litmus milk: Acid, coagulation. Fre- quentl}^ shows slight reduction of litmus in bottom of tube. Potato: No visible growth. Indole not produced. Produces slime from sucrose in rapidly growing cultures. Acid from glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, sucrose and generally from lactose and mannose. No acid from xylose, arabi- nose, glycerol, rhamnose, sorbitol, mannitol or starch; rarely from raffinose, inulin or dextrin. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Microaerophilic, facultatively anaerobic. Optimum temperature, between 21° and 25° C. Distinctive characters: Produces a mod- erate amount of slime in sucrose solutions. Source: Isolated from dairy starters. Habitat: Found in plant materials and in milk products. 3. Leuconostoc citrovoruni (Hammer, 1920) Hucker and Pederson, 1930. {Strepto- coccus citrovorus Hammer, Iowa Agr. Exp. Sta. Research Bull. No. 63, 1920; Hucker and Pederson, New York Agr. E.xp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 167, 1930, 67.) cit.ro'vo.rum. L. noun citr^js the citron tree; M.L. noun citrus the lemon, here re- ferring to citric acid; L. v. voro to devour; M.L. adj. citrovorus citrate-utilizing. Spheres, 0.6 to 1.0 micron in diameter, occuring in pairs and chains. Gram-positive. Gelatin stab: Filiform growth in stab. No liquefaction.