Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/517

 brunneus Copeland, Rept. Filtration Comm. Pittsburgh, 1899, 348.) brun'ne.um. M.L. adj. brunneus dark brown. Cells rod-shaped, 0.5 micron in width. Non-motile. Gram stain not recorded. Gelatin colonies: Surface colonies are flesh-colored; deep colonies are brownish. Liquefaction. Gelatin stab: Beaded growth along the stab; gelatin turns deep brown; sunken, flesh-colored surface growth. Agar slant: Growth slight, very thin, glistening, spreading. Broth: Not turbid; no pellicle. Potato: Red to reddish brown streak. Plain milk: Coagulated; casein digested; brownish whey. Litmus milk: Reaction unchanged. Indole not produced. No acid from glucose, lactose or sucrose. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Coagulated blood serum: No visible growth. Growth at 18° and 37° C. Thermal death point, about 50° C. Relationships to other species: This or- ganism seems to be the same as Corynebac- terium bruneum as described by Lehmann and Neumann (Bakt. Diag., 7 Aufl., 2, 1927, 708); this species is reported to be Gram- positive. Source: Isolated from Pittsburgh tap water. 6. Brevibacterium vitarumen (Knutsen, 1928) Breed, comb. nov. (Flavobacterium vi- tarumen Knutsen, in Bechdel, Honeywell, Dutcher and Knutsen, Jour. Biol. Chem., 80, 1928, 234.) vi.ta.ru'men L. noun vita life; L. noun rumen throat, gullet, rumen; M.L. noun vi- tarumen rumen-life. Rod -shaped cells, 0.5 to 1.5 by 0.5 to 3.0 microns, with rounded ends, occuring singly and occasionally in pairs. Non-motile. Gram-positive. Gelatin: No liquefaction. Gelatin colonies: Similar to those on agar. .gar colonies: Those on the surface are 1 to 4 mm in diameter, while the embedded colonies are somewhat smaller. Agar slant: Growth filiform and pale lemon-yellow. Lead acetate agar: No growth. Endo medium: No growth. Broth: Turbid, becoming clear; sediment; no pellicle. Litmus milk: Turns acid; slight reduction of litmus; no curd. Indole and skatole are not produced. Acid from glucose, sucrose and maltose. No acid from xylose, lactose, mannitol, inositol, sorbitol or dulcitol. Starch not hydrolyzed. Cellulose not attacked. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Distinctive characters: Produces vitamin B complex in the rumina of cows. Because of this, cattle, unlike any other species of animal yet studied, have the ability to grow to maturity, to produce normal offspring and to produce milk of normal dietary com- position on a ration that carries an insuffi- cient amount of vitamin B complex to support growth and well being in rats. Comments: Dutcher (personal communi- cation, January, 1955) states that it is now evident that the chief substance synthesized by this species was riboflavin and that many other species of bacteria are now known that are more efficient as synthesizers of riboflavin than is this species. Source: Isolated from the fermented ru- men contents of a Holstein cow. Habitat: Found in the rumina of cows and, presumably, other ruminants where it constitutes about 90 per cent of the micro- flora as manifested on plain nutrient agar. 7. Brevibacterium maris (Harrison, 1929) Breed, 1953. {Flavobacterium maris Harrison, Canadian Jour. Research, 1, 1929, 232; Breed, Riassunti delle Comunicazioni, VI Congresso Internaz. di Microbiol., Roma, 1, 1953, 14; also see Atti del VI Congresso Internaz. di Microbiol., Roma, 1, 1955, 14.) mar'is. L. noun mare the sea; L. gen. noun maris of the sea. Rods, 0.7 to 0.8 by 1.0 to 1.2 microns, occurring singly and in pairs. At 37° C, coccoid. Encapsulated. Non-motile. Gram- positive.