Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/494

 9. Sarcina hansenii (Miquel, 1893) Breed, comb, nov* {Urosarcina hansenii Miquel, Annales de Micrographie, 5, 1893, 225 (type species (monotypy) of genus Urosarcina Miquel, ibid., 1, 1888, 517); also see Miquel and Cambier, Trait6 de Bac- teriologie, 1903, 628.) han.se'ni.i. M.L. gen. noun hansenii of Hansen; named for Emil Christian Hansen, a Danish scientist who worked on fermen- tation problems. Spheres, variable in size, ordinarily oc- curring in tetrads or packets, sometimes in irregular forms. Growth occurs in various media. Gelatin colonies: White, becoming yellow after 48 hours. Growth may occur in streaks. No liquefaction. Broth: No turbidity; yellow deposit on walls of tube. Urea is converted into ammonium car- bonate. Optimum temperature, 30° C. Growth occurs at room temperature. Comment : The original description makes no mention of motility, of spore formation or of the Gram stain. Relationships to other species: Hauduroy et al. (Diet. d. Bact. Path., 2<= ed., 1953, 542) regard this species as probably identical with the following species. If the two species are identical, Miquel's description ante- dates that of Beijerinck. Source: Isolated from water and dust. Habitat: Presumably widely distributed. 10. Sarcina ureae (Beijerinck, 1901) Lohnis, 1911. {Planosarcina iireae Beije- rinck, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 7, 1901, 52; Lohnis, Landwirtsch. bakteriol. Prakti- kum, 1911, 138.) u're.ae. Gr. noun urum urine; M.L. noun urea urea; M.L. gen. noun ureae of urea. Original description supplemented by material taken from Gibson (Arch, f . Mikro- biol.,6, 1935,73). Spheres, 1.0 to 2.5 microns in diameter, occurring singly, in pairs and in packets. Endospores of an unusual type are pro- duced; they measure 0.8 to 1.0 micron in diameter and are centrally located. Motile, each sphere possessing a single, long flagel- lum. Gram-positive. Gelatin colonies: Small, circular, flat, microscopically coarsely granular, gray, becoming opaque; old colonies generally become slightly yellowish or brownish. Gelatin stab: Thread-like or beaded, gray to j^ellowish gray, glistening or dull growth. No liquefaction (Beijerinck); may or may not produce slow liquefaction (several weeks or months) (Gibson). Agar colonies: Same as those on gelatin. Agar slant: Growth gray, opaque and glistening, becoming slightly yellowish in old cultures. Glucose agar stab: Gray, glistening sur- face growth becoming whitish or yellowish in the center and slightly irregular. Broth: Turbid; later, an easily dispersed sediment is produced ; a granular precipitate may be formed on the walls of the tube. Milk: No change, but alkaline after several weeks if a heavy inoculum is used. Potato: No growth on acid potato; brown- ish growth on potato rendered alkaline with NaoCOs. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide not produced. No acid from glucose. Starch not hydrolyzed. Nitrites produced from nitrates (Gibson) ; sea-water forms do not reduce nitrates (Wood, Jour. Bact., 51, 1946, 287). Urea is converted into ammonium car- bonate. Aerobic. Temperature relations: Optimum, 20° C. Maximum, under 37° C. Spore-containing cells resist heating to 80° C. for 10 minutes (Beijerinck) and 100° C. for 5 minutes (Gibson). The majority of vegetative cells are destroyed at 65° C. for 15 minutes; in dense suspensions, some survive 70° C. for 15 minutes (Gibson). Optimum pH, about 8.8. Limits of pH, 6.4 and 9.4. Spore formation: For abundant spore formation, solid media containing am- October, 1955. Breed, Cornell University, Geneva, New York,
 * Description prepared by Prof. Robert S,