Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/493

 Hydrogen sulfide is produced. No acid from glucose, lactose or sucrose. Nitrites generally produced from nitrates. Aerobic. Optimum temperature, 25° C. Habitat: Air, soil and water; also found on skin surfaces.

6. Sarcina flava de Bary, 1887. (Vorle- sungen iiber Bakterien, 1887, 151.) fla'va. L. adj. flavus j^ellow. Spheres, 1.0 to 2.0 microns in diameter, occurring in packets of 16 to 32 cells. Gram- positive. Gelatin colonies: Small, circular, yellow- ish. Gelatin stab: Slowly liquefied. Agar slant: Yellow streak. Broth: Slowly becoming turbid with whit- ish, later yellowish, sediment. Litmus milk: Alkaline, not coagulated. Potato: Yellow streak. Indole not produced. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Aerobic. Optimum temperature, between 30° and 35° C. Habitat: Air, water and soil.

7. Sarcina aurantiaca Hiigge, 1886. (Die Mikroorganismen, 1886, 180.) au.ran.ti'a.ca. M.L. noun aurantium the orange; M.L. adj. aurantiacus orange- colored. Spheres which occur in packets in all media. Gram-positive. Gelatin colonies: Small, circular, dark yellow, entire, sinking into the medium. Gelatin stab: Infundibuliform liquefac- tion. Agar slant : Slightly raised, orange- yellow to orange-red, soft, smooth growth. Broth: Flocculent turbidity with abun- dant sediment. Litmus milk: Coagulation and digestion. Potato: Raised, yellow-orange, glisten- ing to dull, granular growth. Slight indole production. Hydrogen sulfide not produced. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Aerobic. Optimum temperature, 30° C. Habitat: Air and water.

8. Sarcina litoralis Poulsen, 1879. (Poulsen, Vidensk. Meddel. naturh. Foren. i Copenhagen, 1 and 2, 1879-1880, 231; Halococcus litoralis Schoop, Deutsch. Tier- arztl. Wochnschr., 43, 1935, 817.) li.to.ra'lis. L. adj. litoralis pertaining to the shore. Description taken from Lochhead (Can. Jour. Res., 10, 1934, 280). Spheres, 1.2 to 1.6 microns in diameter, occurring singly, in pairs, fours, short chains and in packets, the arrangement varying with the medium, temperature, salt concentration and age of culture. Non-mo- tile. Gram-variable, with rather more posi- tive than negative cells. No growth in ordinary media. Salt gelatin: Growth slow, with no lique- faction. Starch media (20 per cent salt) : Colonies usually 1 to 3 mm in diameter, round, en- tire, convex with a waxy appearance, brick- red with a pale border, color appearing graduall.y. Starch media slants (20 per cent salt) : Growth filiform, slightly raised, entire. Coral-red in color. Slight decrease in shade as cultures age. Liquid media: No growth. Potato: In 20 per cent salt, scant growth. Slight, chalky pink development near the top. Indole not produced. Diastatic action negative. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Halophilic, obligate; growth in 16 to 32 per cent salt. Optimum growth in 20 to 24 per cent salt. Aerobic. Optimum temperature, 37° C. Comments: It appears quite possible that this species is identical with Micrococ- cus morrhuae Klebahn. Tetrads are men- tioned by the majority of investigators, but few if any mention packets. Comparative studies using suitable methods for growing these organisms are needed. Source : Isolated from seashore mud near Copenhagen; also from salted hides and salted fish. Habitat: Sea-water brine or sea salt.