Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/489

 rounding four of the elements, thus forming typical tetrads. Gram-positive. Gelatin colonies: Small, 1 to 2 mm in di- ameter, white convex. Gelatin stab: Thick, white surface growth. No liquefaction. Agar colonies: Circular, white, smooth, glistening, entire. Reimann (Jour. Bact., 31, 1936, 385) has described eleven colony- form variants for this species. Agar slant: White, moist, glistening growth. Broth: Clear, with gray viscous sediment. Litmus milk: Slightly acid. Potato: White, viscid growth. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide not produced. Acid from glucose, lactose and glycerol. Starch not hydrolyzed. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Ammonium salts not utilized. Biotin, L-tyrosine and L-glutamate are required for growth (Aaronson, Bact. Proc, 51st Gen. Meeting Soc. Amer. Bact., Chi- cago, 1951, 58). Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. Optimum temperature, 37° C. Pathogenic for mice and guinea pigs; rab- bits are less susceptible. Source : Isolated from sputum in tubercu- losis; also from air and skin. Habitat: Mucous membrane of the respir- atory tract. 2. GafFkya homari Hitchner and Snieszko, 1947. (Micrococci of the Gaffkya type, Snieszko and Taylor, Science, 105, 1947, 500; Hitchner and Snieszko, Jour. Bact., 54, 1947, 48.) ho.ma'ri. M.L. noun Homarus generic name of the lobster; M.L. gen. noun homari of the lobster. Spheres, 0.8 to 1.1 microns in diameter, oc- curring in tetrads. Encapsulated in lobster blood but not in artificial media. Non-mo- tile. Gram-positive. Gelatin: No liquefaction. Agar colonies: Circular, 1 to 2 mm in di- ameter, grayish white, raised. Agar slants: Scant, beaded growth. Broth: Scant growth with granular sedi- ment. Litmus milk: Slightly acid. Potato: No growth. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide not produced. Acid but no gas from glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, raffinose, mannitol, glyc- erol and salicin. Dulcitol not attacked. Starch not hydrolyzed. Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Urease not produced. Ammonium salts do not serve as a sole source of nitrogen. Biotin, calcium pantothenate, thiamin, nicotinic acid and a number of amino acids are required for growth (Aaronson, Bact. Proc, 51st Gen. Meeting, Soc. Amer. Bact., Chicago, 1951, 58). Optimum temperature, between 30° and 35° C. Growth range, 6° to 44° C. Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. Human blood agar: Beta-hemolytic. Pathogenic for lobsters. Source: Isolated from diseased lobsters {Homarus americanus) from Maine. Genus IV. Sarcina Goodsir, 1842.* (Edinborough Med. and Surg. Jour., 57, 1842, 430.) Sar.ci'na. L. noun sarcina a package; M.L. fem.n. Sarcina a generic name. Spheres. Division occurs, under favorable conditions, in three perpendicular planes, pro- ducing regular packets. Usually non-motile, although motile species may occur. Gram-posi- tive, but the Gram stain may be lost rather readily. Aerobic growth on agar abundant, often with the production of a yellow, orange or red pigment; the growth of the anaerobic species York, March, 1943; further revision by Prof. Jan Smit, Landbouwhoogeschool, Wageningen, The Netherlands, February, 1949.
 * Revised by Prof. Robert S. Breed, New York State Experiment Station, Geneva, New-