Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/432

 characterized by rapid onset and short duration; in association with coccobacilli- forra bodies of Nelson, causes Type III fowl corj^za characterized by rapid onset and long duration (Nelson, Jour. Exp. Med., 67, 1938, 847). 6. Haemophilus parainfluenzae Riv- ers, 1922. (Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 32, 1922, 429.) pa.ra.in.flu.en'zae. Gr. prep, para along- side of, resembling; M.L. noun influenzae a specific epithet; M.L. adj. parainfluenzae (Haemophilus) influenzae-like. Morphologically similar to Haemophilus influenzae. Non-motile. Gram-negative. Requires the V factor for growth. Blood agar colonies: Resemble those of Haemophilus influenzae. No hemolysis. Blood agar slant: Thin, filiform trans- plant. Broth containing yeast extract: Floccular sediment. Indole produced by some strains from the cat. Various carbohydrates fermented by some strains, while other strains do not attack carbohydrates. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. Optimum temperature, 37° C. Usually non-pathogenic; occasionally causes subacute endocarditis. Habitat: Found in the upper respiratory tract of man and cat. 7. Haemophilus parahaemolyticus Pittman, 1953. (Haemolytic influenza ba- cillus, Fildes, Brit. Jour. Exp. Path., 5, 1924, 69; Hemophilus parainfluenzae, hemo- lytic, Valentine and Rivers, Jour. Exp. Med., 45, 1927, 993; Pittman, Jour. Bact., 65, 1953, 750.) pa.ra.hae.mo.ly'ti.cus. Gr. prep, para alongside of, resembling; M.L. noun hae- molyticus a specific epithet; M.L. adj. parahaemolyticus {Haemophihis) haemoly- ticus-kQ. Usually larger and stain more heavily and unevenly than the other influenza bacilli. Vary from coccoid to long, tangled thread forms with much pleomorphism. Non-motile. Gram-negative. Requires the V factor for growth in all media. Blood agar colonies: 1 to 3 mm in di- ameter, slightly opaque, homogeneous, entire, friable, surrounded by a large, clear zone of hemolysis. Blood agar slant: Thin, filiform, slightly opaque growth. Death occurs in a few days. Broth: Stringy, floccular sediment; clear supernatant. Indole usually not produced. Weak acidity from glucose and usually from sucrose and maltose. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. Optimum temperature, 37° C. Habitat: Found in the upper respiratory tract; frequently associated with acute pharyngitis and occasionally causes sub- acute endocarditis. 8. Haemophilus aphrophilus Khairat, 1940. (Jour. Path, and Bact., 50, 1940, 497.) a.phro'phi.lus. Gr. noun aphrus foam; Gr. adj. philus loving; M.L. adj. aphrophilus foam-loving. Coccobacilli, 0.4 by 1.5 to 2.0 microns, occurring singly and in irregular clumps. After repeated culture long, curved and occasionally filamentous forms occur. Non- motile. Gram-negative. Requires the X factor for growth in air containing CO 2, but not in the absence of air. Gelatin stab: Slight growth at 37° C. No liquefaction. Blood agar colonies: After one day, 0.15 to 0.4 mm in diameter, circular, entire, convex, smooth, glistening, translucent, butyrous. After three days, 0.5 to 0.7 mm in diameter with olive-green discoloration of agar. Tryptic digest broth: Faint, uniform turbidity with discrete colonies adhering to glass. Litmus milk: Slightly acid after 14 days. Indole not produced. Acid but no gas from glucose, maltose and lactose in 2 to 4 days and from starch and glycogen in 9 to 10 daj's. No acid from galactose, fructose, raffinose, xylose, man- nitol, dulcitol, sorbitol, salicin or inulin. Nitrites produced from nitrates.