Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/431

 hemolj^sis. Satellitism with contaminating organism. Chocolate blood agar colonies : 1.0 to more than 2.0 mm in diameter, grayish, semi- transparent, circular, flattened with a sharply contoured edge. Grows more feebly than does Hnemophihis influenzae. Litmus milk containing blood: No change. Indole not produced. Weak acidity from maltose and sucrose. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Slightly pathogenic, if at all, for labora- tory animals. Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. Optimum temperature, 37° C. Serologically heterogeneous. Some cross aggutination occurs with Haemophilus influenzae. There is one type-specific group based on capsular substance, but no rela- tionship to the 6 types of Haemophilus influenzae (Alexander, loc. cit.). Source: Isolated from the respiratory tract and heart blood of cases of swine influenza. Habitat: With the swine influenza virus, causes tj'pical swine influenza (Shope, Jour. Exp. Med., 5^, 1931, 373). 4. Haemophilus haeinolyticus Bergey et al., 1923. (Bacillus X, Pritchett and Stillman, Jour. Exp. Med., 29, 1919, 259; also see Stillman and Bourn, Jour. Exp. Med., 32, 1920, 665; Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 269.) hae.mo.ly'ti.cus. Gr. noun haema blood; Gr. adj. lyticus loosening, dissolving; M.L. adj. haemolyticus blood-dissolving. Morphologically similar to Haemophilus influenzae. Non-motile. Gram -negative. Requires both the factors V and X for growth (Rivers, Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., S3, 1922, 149). Blood agar colonies: Resemble those of Haemophilus influenzae, but these are surrounded by a zone of hemolysis. Blood agar slant: Thin, filiform, trans- parent growth. Blood broth: Turbid, showing hemolysis. Blood milk mixture: Slightly alkaline. Sterile, unheated potato favors develop- ment. Indole produced by some strains. Various carbohydrates fermented by some strains, while other strains do not attack carbohydrates. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. Optimum temperature, 37° C. Usually non-pathogenic; on rare occasions causes subacute endocarditis. Habitat: Found in the upper respiratory tract of man. 5. Haemophilus gallinarum (Dela- plane et al., 1934) Eliot and Lewis, 1934. {Bacillus hemoglobinophilus coryzae galli- narum de Blieck, Tijdsch. v. Diergeneensk., 58, 1931, 310; also see Vet. Jour., 88, 1932,' 9; Delaplane, Erwin and Stuart, R. I. State Coll. Sta. Bull. 244, May, 1934; Eliot and Lewis, Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc, 84, 1934, 878.) gal.li.na'rum. L. noun gallina a hen; L. fern. pi. gen. n. gallinarum of hens. Common name: The fowl coryza bacillus. Small coccobacilli occurring singly, in pairs and in short chains. At times very pleomorphic with long filaments. Non-mo- tile. Show bipolar staining. Gram-negative. Requires both the factors V and X for growth (Schalm and Beach, Jour. Bact., 31, 1936, 161; Delaplane and Stuart, Jour! Agr. Res., 63, 1941, 29). Fails to grow on certain media which support the growth of Haemophilus influenzae (Delaplane et al., op. cit., 1934; Gregory, Am. Jour. Vet. Res., 5, 1944, 72). Requires approximately 1.0 per cent so- dium chloride in media for growth. Blood agar colonies: 0.3 mm or less in diameter, smooth, translucent, becoming more opaque with age. Filtered chocolate agar colonies: 0.5 to 0.6 mm in diameter, convex, smooth, trans- lucent to slightly opaque, glistening. Indole not produced. Glucose fermented; final pH, 6.4. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic; CO2 favors growth. Optimum temperature, 37° C. Killed in 4 to 6 minutes at 55° C. Pathogenic for fowls. Source: Isolated from the nasal exudates of fowls. Habitat: Causes Type I fowl coryza