Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/397

 Hydrogen sulfide production is variable. Acid and gas from glucose, mannitol, maltose and sorbitol. d-Tartrate is attacked. Fermentation of arabinose, dulcitol, rham- nose and xylose is variable. l-Tartrate may or may not show and dl -tartrate usually does not show late fermentation. No action on lactose, sucrose, salicin, adonitol, inosi- tol, trehalose or mucate. Sodium citrate is utilized. Trimethylamine produced from trimethyl- amine oxide (Wood and Baird, Jour. Fish. Res. Board Canada, 6, 1943, 198). Antigenic structure: 4, 12: c: 1, 6. Source: Isolated from cases of abortion in sheep. Habitat: Not known to infect any animal other than sheep. 10. Salmonella gallinaruiii (Klein, 1889) Bergey et al., 1925. {Bacillus galli- narum Klein, Cent. f. Bakt., 5, 1889, 689; Bacterium pullorum Rettger, Jour. Med. Res., 21 (N.S. 16), 1909, 117; Salmonella pullonmi Bergey et al., Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 218; Bergey et al.. Manual, 2nd ed., 1925, 236; Salmonella gallinarum-'pidlorum Taylor J., Bensted, Boyd, Carpenter, Dow- son, Lovell, Taylor, E. W., Thornton, Wil- son and Shaw, Internat. Bull, of Bact. No- men, and Taxon., 2, 1952, 140.) gal.li.na'rum. L. noun gallina a hen; L. gen. pi. noun gallinarum of hens. Rods, 0.3 to 0.6 by 0.8 to 2.5 microns, with rounded ends, occurring singly or, in blood, in short chains. Usually non-motile. Gram- negative. Gelatin colonies: Small, grayish white, finely granular, circular entire. Gelatin stab : Slight, grayish white surface growth with slight, grayish, filiform growth in stab. No liquefaction. Agar colonies: Moist, grayish, circular, entire. Agar slant: Thin, gray, irregular, moist, glistening streak. Broth: Turbid; heavj', flocculent sedi- ment . Litmus milk: Reaction unchanged, be- coming translucent. No coagulation. Potato: Slight, grayish growth. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide production is variable. Acid but no gas from glucose, mannitol, maltose and sorbitol. Action on dulcitol, rhamnose, trehalose, xylose, d-tartrate, 1-tartrate and mucate is variable. dl-Tar- trate may or may not show late fermenta- tion. No action on lactose, sucrose, salicin, adonitol or inositol. Sodium citrate may or may not be uti- lized. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Trimethylamine produced from trimethyl- amine oxide (Wood and Baird, Jour. Fish. Res. Board Canada, 6, 1943, 198). Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. Optimum temperature, 37° C. Antigenic structure: 1,9, 12: —, —. Comment : A variety of this species which differs from the parent strain in its slow fermentation of maltose and by its inability to ferment d-tartrate and to produce hy- drogen sulfide has been reported by Kauff- mann (Zent. f . Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 132, 1934, 337). Source: Isolated from chickens and other birds as well as from calves, hogs, rabbits and man. Habitat: The causative agent of fowl typhoid (clearly to be distinguished from fowl cholera) and identical with Moore's infectious leukemia of fowls. Causes white diarrhoea in young chicks. Infectious for rabbits and all poultry, canaries and certain wild birds (quail, grouse, pheasant) by feeding or by inoculation. Occasionally produces food poisoning or gastroenteritis in man (Mitchell, Garlock and Broh-Kahn, Jour. Inf. Dis., 79, 1946, 57).