Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/377

 Litmus milk: Acid, coagulated. Indole produced. Hydrogen sulfide not produced. Acid and gas from glucose, galactose, mannitol, sucrose, maltose, lactose and gl3'cerol. Starch hydrolyzed. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Good growth in 3 per cent salt. Growth retarded at 4 per cent. Optimum temperature, 30° C. Source: Isolated from rotting corn stalks. Habitat: Pathogenic to maize. 10. Erwinia nimipressuralis Carter, 1945. (Illinois Nat. Hist. Survey Bull. 23, 1945, 423.) ni.mi.pres.su.ra'lis. L. adv. nimis over- much; L. noun pessura pressure; M.L. adj. nvtiipressuralis with excessive pressure. Rods, most of which measure 0.34 to 0.68 by 0.68 to 1.35 microns. Motile by means of as many as 6 peritrichous flagella. Capsules not observed. Gram-negative. Gelatin: No liquefaction. Potato glucose agar: Colonies circular, smooth, whitish cream, entire, flat to slightly raised and usually opaque. Gas pro- duced when medium is stabbed. Broth: Abundant wdth thin pellicle or flocculent surface growth; sediment scant and viscid; gas produced in nutrient broth plus glucose was 47 per cent CO2 and 2.4 per cent hydrogen. CO2 varied with age of culture, more being produced in young cultures. Milk: Acid, coagulated. Litmus and bromocresol purple are reduced. Not pepto- nized. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide produced. Acid and gas produced from arabinose, rhamnose, xj'lose, glucose, fructose, galac- tose, mannose, lactose, maltose, trehalose, melibiose, cellobiose, mannitol, sorbitol and salicin; no acid or gas from inulin, dextrin or filterpaper; variable results from sucrose, raffinose, melezitose, dulcitol, glycerol and elm sawdust. Pectin is not fermented. Starch not hydrolyzed. Methyl red test positive. Acetylmethylcarbinol produced. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Facultatively anaerobic. Temperature relations: Optimum, be- tween 24° and 30° C. Minimum, 5° C. or lower. Maximum, 37° C. Thermal death point, between 45° and 55° C. Optimum pH for growth, between 6.8 and 7.5. Minimum, 4.6. Maximum, 10.0+. Source: Isolated from five different trees affected with wet wood. Habitat: Pathogenic in trunk wood of elms, Ulmus americana, U. pumila, U.fulva and U. procera. 11. Erwinia carotovora (Jones, 1901) Holland, 1920. (Bacillus carotovorus Jones, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 7, 1901, 12; Holland, Jour. Bact., S, 1920, 222; Pectobacterium carotovorum Waldee, Iowa State Coll. Jour. Sci., 19, 1945, 469.) ca.ro. to'vo.ra. L. noun carota carrot;L. v. voro to devour; M.L. adj. carotovorus carrot- destroying. Description taken from Burkholder and Smith (Phytopath., 39, 1949, 893). Rods, 0.7 by 1.0 to 2.0 microns. Motile by means of 1 to 6 peritrichous flagella. No capsules observed. Gram-negative. Gelatin: Liquefaction. Beef -extract peptone agar slants : Growth moderate, filiform, grayish white, iridescent and butyrous. Medium unchanged. Broth: Moderately turbid with a slight ring but seldom a pellicle; white sediment. Litmus milk: Coagulation in 4 days. Lit- mus reduced; slight separation of whey but little or no peptonization. Potato plug: Slight growth. Endo agar: Colonies circular, at first pink turning deep red with a metallic luster. Medium turns red. Blood serum: Growth much as on agar. Not liquefied. Krumwdede's triple sugar agar: Turns yel- low. Uschinsky's solution: Growth light to none. Desoxycholate agar. Good growth. Colo- nies pink. Diastase-negative. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide not produced. Methyl red test positive. Acetylmethyl-