Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/375

 Potato: Bright yellow, later fading to pale brown, spreading, abundant, glisten- ing, slimy growth. No growth in Cohn's solution. Indole not produced. Hj'drogen sulfide not produced. Acid but no gas from glucose, galactose, mannose, .xjdose, maltose, sucrose, raffinose, glycerol, mannitol and salicin. No growth in arabinose, fructose, rhamnose, inulin or dextrin. Starch not hjdrolyzed. Acetylmethylcarbinol produced. Methyl red test negative (Dowson, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 183). Nitrites produced from nitrates (Dow- son). Ammonia not produced. Temperature relations: Optimum, be- tween 29° and 30° C. Minimum, between 5° and 10° C. Maximum, between 33° and 37° C. Thermal death point, between 50° and 52° C. Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. Source: Isolated from the cricket-bat willow (Salix caerulea) and from the white willow {Salix alba). Habitat: Causes a water-mark disease of willow in England. 6. Erwinia tracheiphila (Erwin Smith, 1895) Holland, 1920. {Bacillus tracheiphilus Erwin Smith, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 1, 1895, 364; Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 215.) tra.che.i'phi.la. Gr. adj. tracheia rough, the tracheia arteria, or rough artery, is the trachea; Gr. adj. philus loving; M.L. adj. tracheiphilus trachea-loving, i.e., growing in the tracheae or vessels of the fibro-vascu- lar bundles. Rods, 0.5 to 0.7 by 1.2 to 2.5 microns, with rounded ends, occurring singly and in pairs, more rarely in fours. Motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Encapsulated. Gram-negative. Gelatin colonies: Small, circular, grayish white, smooth, glistening. Show internal striae by transmitted light. Gelatin stab : Surface growth thin, spread- ing, grayish white. Slight filiform growth in depth. No liquefaction. Agar colonies: Small, circular, grayish white, smooth, glistening. Agar slant : Growth gray, smooth, filiform, moist, glistening. Broth: Slight turbidity; no ring or pel- licle. Potato: Growth white or color of sub- stratum, smooth, moist, glistening. No action on the starch. Does not soften the middle lamella of potato cells. Litmus milk: Not coagulated. Reaction unchanged. Litmus not reduced. Not pep- tonized. Egg albumen: Not digested. Blood serum: No liquefaction. Cohn's solution: No growth. Uschinsky's solution: Weak growth. Fermi's solution: Weak growth. Indole not produced in Dunham's solu- tion. Hj^drogen sulfide production feeble. Acid without gas from glucose, sucrose and fructose; growth in closed arm. Acid from glycerol. No growth in closed arm with lactose, maltose, dextrin, glycerol or mannitol. No acid from lactose. Starch not hydrolyzed. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Ammonia production moderate. Cannot utilize asparagine, ammonium lactate or tartrate as source of nitrogen. Growth in broth with 1.0 per cent NaCl retarded; inhibited with 2.0 per cent. Very sensitive to acid (phenolphthalein). Temperature relations: Optimum, be- tween 25° and 30° C. Minimum, about 8° C. Maximum, between 34° and 35° C. Thermal death point, 43° C. for one hour. Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. Source: Isolated from various cucurbits. Habitat: Causes the wilt of cucumber; also affects cantaloupes, muskmelons, pumpkins and squashes. 7. Erwinia chrysanthemi Burkholder et al., 1953. (Burkholder, McFadden and Dimock, Phytopath., 43, 1953, 524.) chrys.an'the.mi. M.L. neut.n. Chrysan- themum a genus of flowering plants; M.L. gen. noun chrysanthemi of Chrysanthemum. Rods, 0.7 by 2.10 microns, occurring singly and in pairs. Motile by means of a varying number of peritrichous flagella. Gram- negative. Gelatin: Liquefaction.