Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/374

 xylose, lactose, sucrose, mannitol and salicin. No acid from raffinose or inulin. Starch hydrolyzed. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Facultatively anaerobic. Temperature relations: Optimum, 25° C. Minimum, between 5° and 10° C. Maximum, between 35° and 40° C. Optimum pH, 6.0. Minimum pH, 4.2. Source: Isolated by du Plessis from various localities in South Africa. Habitat: Causes a disease of grape vines in South Africa, Italy and France. 3. Erwinia niilletiae (Kawakami and Yoshida, 1920) Magrou, 1937. (Bacillus niilletiae Kawakami and Yoshida, Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 34, 1920, 110; Magrou, in Hauduroy et al.. Diet. d. Bact. Path., 1937, 213.) mil.le'ti.ae. M.L. noun Millefia a genus of flowering plants; M.L. gen. noun niilletiae of Milletia; named for A. J. Millett, a botanist. Rods, 0.4 to 0.6 by 0.9 to 2.5 microns. Motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Encapsulated. Gram-negative. Gelatin: Liquefaction begins after 8 days. Agar colonies: Circular, flat, smooth, shiny, opaque, waxy yellow, entire. Broth: Turbid; heavy precipitate. Milk: No coagulation. Clears with alka- line reaction. Conjac: No liquefaction. Acid but no gas from galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose and mannitol. No acid from glycerol. Starch not hydrolyzed. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Growth in 0.2 per cent but not in 0.3 per cent of the following acids in sucrose pep- tone broth: Acetic, citric, oxalic and tar- taric. Aerobic. Grows well at 32° C. Thermal death point, 53° C for 10 min. Source: Isolated from galls on the Japa- nese wisteria in various localities in Japan. Habitat: Causes galls on the Japanese wisteria, Milletia japonica. 4. Erwinia cassavae (Handsford, 1938) Burkholder, 1948. {Bacterium cassavae Handsford, Ann. Rept. Dept. Agr. Uganda for 1937, II, 1938, 48; Burkholder, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 466.) cas.sa'vae. M.L. cassava from the Haytian kasabi, the common name of species of Manihot; M.L. gen. noun cassavae of Mani- hot. Rods. Motile by means of a few peritri- chous flagella. Not encapsulated. Gram- negative. Gelatin is slowly liquefied. Agar colonies: Smooth, lens-shaped, entire, translucent and of uniform structure. Yellow. Broth: Turbid with a ring; a yellow precipitate forms in old cultures. Milk becomes alkaline. Not cleared. Acid but no gas from glucose, sucrose, maltose and glycerol but not from lactose. Methyl red test negative. Acetylmethyl- carbinol produced (Dowson, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 183). Nitrites rapidly produced from nitrates. Facultatively anaerobic. Source: Isolated from necrotic lesions on cassava leaves in Uganda. Habitat : Pathogenic on cassava, Manihot sp. 5. Erwinia salicis (Day, 1924) Chester, 1939. {Bacterium salicis Day, Oxford For. Mem., 3, 1924, 14; Chester, in Bergey et al.. Manual, 5th ed., 1939, 406.) sa'li.cis. L. noun salix, salicis the willow; M.L. noun Salix generic name of the willow. Description taken from Dowson (Ann. Appl. Biol., £4, 1937, 542). Rods, 0.5 to 0.7 by 0.8 to 2.2 microns, occurring singly or in pairs, rarely in chains, with rounded ends. Motile by means of 5 to 7 long peritrichous flagella. Gram- negative. Gelatin stab: Beaded growth. No lique- faction. Infusion agar: Colonies appear slowly, circular, with slightly uneven margins, pale brown by transmitted light, pale gray by reflected. Infusion agar slants: Growth thin, nearly transparent. Broth: Moderate, uniform turbidity; no pellicle. Litmus milk: No change.