Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/373

 cc. Does not grow in Uschinsky's solution. 16. Erwinia mangiferae. 2. Gelatin not liquefied. 17. Erwinia rhapuntici. 1. Erwinia aiiiylovora (Buirill, 1882) Winslow et al., 1920. (Micrococcus ainylovo- nis Burrill, Illinois Indust. Univ., 11th Rept., 1882, 142; Winslow et al.. Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 209.) a.my.lo'vo.ra. Gr. noun (niiyhnn fine meal, starch; L. v. voro to devour; M.L. adj. amylovorus starch-destroying. Description taken mainly from Ark (Phytopath., 37, 1937, 1). Rods, 0.7 to 1.0 by 0.9 to 1.5 microns, occurring singly, in pairs and sometimes in short chains. Motile by means of peritri- chous flagella. Gram-negative. Gelatin colonies: Circular, whitish, amor- phous, entire. Gelatin stab: Slow crateriform lique- faction confined to the upper layer. Agar colonies: Circular, grayish white, moist, glistening; irregular margins. Broth: Turbid; thin, granular pellicle. Potato: Growth white, moist, glistening. Medium not softened. No odor. No pigment. Litmus milk: Coagulated after 3 to 4 days to a pasty condition, with a separation of whey. At first acid, becoming alkaline. Litmus reduced. There is a gradual digestion of the casein. Blood serum: Growth similar to that on agar. No liquefaction. Dunham's solution: Rapid growth, but clouding not dense. Indole not produced. Growth in synthetic media containing (NH4)2HP04, which serves as a source of nitrogen, and various carbohj^drates. Acid without gas from glucose, sucrose, arabinose, mannose, fructose, maltose, cellobiose, raffinose, salicin and amygdalin. Xylose, rhamnose, dulcitol and starch not fermented. Acid production from lactose and galactose variable. Utilizes salts of citric, malic and hippuric acids. Action on salts of lactic and succinic acids variable. Salts of benzoic, maleic, malonic, oxalic, tartaric and valeric acids are not utilized. Acetylmethylcarbinol produced. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Most of the strains give a positive test for ammonia in broth, a few show only a slight positive test. Asparagine fermented with production of alkali. Glycine, valine, isoleucine, glu- tamic acid, cystine, tyrosine, tryptophane and urea not fermented. Minimum temperature, between 3° and 8° C. Maximum, below 37° C. Optimum pH, 6.8. Minimum pH, between 4.0 and 4.4. Maximum pH, 8.8. Source: Isolated from the blossoms, leaves and twigs of pear and apple trees. Habitat: Attacks a large number of species in several tribes of the family Rosaceae (Elliott, Manual Bact. Plant Pathogens, 1951, 30). 2. Erwinia vitivora (Baccarini, 1894) du Plessis, 1940. (Bacillus vitivora Baccarini, Bull, della Soc. Bot. Ital., 1894, 235; du Plessis, Dept. Agr. and Forestry Union of S. Africa, Science Bui. 214, 1940, 58.) vi.ti'vo.ra. L. noun viiis the grape vine; L. V. voro to devour; M.L. adj. vitivorus grape-vine-destroying. Rods, 0.74 (0.44 to 1.10) by 1.46 (0.95 to 2.19) microns. Cells sometimes dumbbell- shaped. Motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Encapsulated. Gram-negative. Gelatin: Liquefaction. Agar colonies: First punctiform, irregu- larly circular or lenticular, ultimately circular, raised to pulvinate, glistening, spreading, light to orange-yellow. Agar becomes brown. Broth: Turbid in 24 hrs; whitish to lemon-yellow pellicle. Milk: Litmus reduced. Thread-like to spongy curd formed. Yellow whey about curd. Yellow growth on top of plain milk. Medium acid. Uschinsky's solution: Slowly becomes turbid; pellicle; sediment is whitish j^ellow. Hydrogen sulfide produced. Acid produced from glucose, fructose,