Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/352

 maltose, sucrose, mannose, trehalose and cellobiose. No acid from lactose, dextrin, arabinose, rhamnose, xjdose, raffinose, inulin, salicin, dulcitol, inositol, melezitose or adonitol. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, dextrin, mannose, arabinose, rham- nose, xylose, raffinose, inulin, mannitol, salicin, dulcitol, galactose, trehalose, ino- sitol, cellobiose, melezitose, adonitol, glycogen, starch, chitin, asparaginate, succinate, malate, lactate, pyruvate (0.3 per cent), acetate, /S-alanine, glucosamine, ethanol, methanol and tertiary butanol are utilized as carbon sources. Fumarate (0.5 per cent), malonate, tartrate, citrate, levulinate, propionate, salicylate, valerate, oxalate, butyrate, mandelate, benzoate (0.5 per cent), n-amyl alcohol, iso-amyl alcohol, n-propanol and lumichrome are not utilized as carbon sources. Starch is hydrolyzed. Chitin is hydrolyzed. Non -lipolytic. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Ammonia is produced from peptone. Urease-positive. Casein not hydrolyzed. Trimethylamine not produced from tri- methylamine o.xide, choline or betaine. Aerobic, facultative. Optimum temperature, between 20° and 30° C. Growth at 4° C. Source: Isolated from marine mud. Habitat: Found in sea water. 3. Beneckea chitinovora (Benecke, 1905) Campbell, comb. nov. (Bacillus chiti- novorus Benecke, Bot. Zeitung, 63, 1905, 227.) chi.ti.no'vo.ra. M.L. noun chitinum chitin; L. v. voro to devour; M.L. adj. chitinovorus chitin-destroying. Rods, 0.75 by 2.0 microns, occurring occasionally in pairs and in chains. Motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Gram- negative. Gelatin stab: Liquefaction. Mineral agar containing chitin: Good growth if no sugar is added to produce acid. Non-chromogenic. Peptone mineral agar containing chitin: Good growth if reaction is neutral to slightly alkaline. Peptone broth: Turbid with heavy, slimy, whitish to brownish pellicle. Acid from glucose and sucrose. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Ammonia produced in peptone-chitin media. Salt in concentrations up to 1.5 per cent is favorable for growth. Maximum, 4 per cent. Optimum temperature, 20° C. Source: Isolated at Kiel from media containing decomposing crab shells and from media containing purified chitin; also from soil. Habitat: Brackish water and soil. 4. Beneckea hyperoptica (Campbell and Williams, 1951) Campbell, comb. nov. (Achromobacier hyperopticum Campbell and Williams, Jour. Gen. Microbiol., 5, 1951, 894.) hy.per.op'ti.ca. Gr. adj. hyperopticus disdainful. Small rods, 0.2 bj^ 0.6 micron, occurring singly and in small clumps. Motile b^^ means of peritrichous flagella. Gram-negative. Gelatin stab: Crateriform liquefaction. Agar colonies: Small, punctiform, glisten- ing, opaque, non-pigmented. Agar slant: Beaded, glistening, opaque, non-pigmented growth. Broth: Moderately turbid; surface ring adherent to the walls of the tubes; slightly stringy sediment. Litmus milk: Alkaline, with slight pepto- nization in 4 days. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide not produced. Acid but no gas from glucose, maltose, mannose, trehalose and cellobiose. No acid from fructose, lactose, sucrose, galactose, arabinose, dextrin, rhamnose, xylose, raffi- nose, inulin, mannitol, inositol, melezitose or adonitol. Glucose, sucrose, dextrin, mannose, raffinose, galactose, cellobiose, starch, glycogen, chitin, glucosamine and acetate are utilized as carbon sources. Succinate, malate, fumarate (0.5 per cent), lactate, malonate, tartrate, citrate, pyruvate (0.3 per cent), levulinate, /3-alanine, asparagin-