Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/335

 Optimum temperature, between 20° and 25° C. Source: Repeatedly isolated from living halibut obtained at 30 to 50 fathoms, Pacific Ocean. Also isolated by Gibbons (Contrib. to Canadian Biol, and Fish., 8, 1934, 279) from cod (Gadus callarias) and dogfish (Squalus acanthias). Habitat: Found on the skin of sea fish. 3. Flavobacterium ferrugineum Sick- les and Shaw, 1934. (Jour. Bact., 28, 1934, 421.) fer.ru. gi'ne.um. L. adj. ferrugineus resembling iron rust. Small, slender rods, less than 0.5 by 0.7 to 1.0 micron, occurring singly and in pairs. Non-motile. Gram-negative. Gelatin: Liquefaction in one week at 37° C.; at room temperature liquefaction slower, napiform; j'ellow sediment along line of puncture. Blood agar colonies: Dull, rust-colored, 1 mm in diameter, round, entire, umbilicate, rather dry. Agar colonies: Similar to blood agar colonies but yellowish gray in color. Blood agar slants: Moderate, rust- colored, rather dry growth. Agar slants: Growth verj' slight, thin, yellowish graj'. Beef -infusion broth: No growth. Beef extract broth: Moderate, even tur- bidity. Adding non-type-specific carbo- hydrate (pneumococcus) results in a heavier growth with yellow sediment. Litmus milk: Soft curd (2 weeks); slight reduction of litmus; no change in reaction. Potato: Moderate growth, bright orange in color. Potato darkened. Acid but no gas from glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, dextrin and inulin; very slight action on mannitol; no action on salicin. Verj' active hydrolysis of starch. Limits of growth: Optimum pH, between 7.0 and 7.5. Minimum, 6.5. Maximum, 9.0. Temperature relations: Optimum, be- tween 35° and 37° C. Minimum, 22° C. Maximum, 39° C. Thermal death point, 52° C. for 10 minutes. Enzyme produced by strain against pneumococcus carbohj^drate withstands 56° C. foi 10 minutes. Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. Distinctive character: Decomposes the non-t}'pe-specific carbohydrate obtained from a degraded type I pneumococcus. Source: Several strains were isolated from swamps and other uncultivated soils. Habitat: Soil. 4. Flavobacterium arborescens (Frank- land and Frankland, 1889) Bergey et al., 1923. {Bacillus arborescens Frankland and Frankland, Ztschr. f. Hyg., 6, 1889, 379; also see Tils, Ztschr. f. Hyg., 9, 1890, 312; and Wright, Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., 7, 1894, 446, var. a and b; Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 113.) ar.bo.res'cens. L. part. adj. arborescens becoming tree-like. Rods, 0.5 by 2.5 microns, occurring singly and in chains. Long, wavy threads are formed in broth. Non-motile (Frankland and Frankland). Gram-negative (Zimmer- mann, Bakt. unserer Trink- u. Nutzwiisser, 2, 1894, 20). Gelatin colonies: Colonies at first fila- mentous and branching as seen under low magnification. Center becomes yellowish and the border becomes translucent and arborescent. Gelatin stab: Liquefaction with yellow deposit. Agar slant: Slow, dirty orange growth. Broth: Turbid; yellow sediment; no pellicle. Litmus milk: Slow coagulation; litmus reduced. Reaction neutral (Wright, op. cit., 1894, 447). Potato: Deep orange, luxuriant growth. No growth in nitrate solution; nitrites not produced. Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. Optimum temperature, 30° C. Ravenel (Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., 8, 1896, 39) reports a non-liquefying strain of this species. This may have been Flavobacterium solare Lehmann and Neumann. Source: Isolated from river and lake water. Habitat: Water. 5. Flavobacterium balustinum Har- rison, 1929. (Canadian Jour, of Research, 1, 1929, 234.)