Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/329

 and Williams, Food Research, 16, 1951a, 506) . Ammonium chloride and the 19 amino acids which were tested may serve as sources of nitrogen; the amino acids (except alanine and aspartic acid) may also be utilized as carbon sources (Campbell and Williams, loc. cit.). Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Trimethylamine not produced from tri- methylamine oxide, betaine, choline or acetyl choline (Campbell and Williams, Jour. Bact., 62, .1951b, 250). Inorganic sulfur may serve as a source of sulfur (Campbell and Williams, op. cit., 1951a, 506). Aerobic, facultative. Optimum temperature, between 25° and 30° C. Source: Sewage. Gibbons (Contrib. to Canadian Biol, and Fish., 8, 1934, 279) reports this species as occurring in the slime and feces of the cod {Gadus callarias) and dogfish (Sq^ialus acanthias). An organism apparently identical with this species has been found by Steinhaus (op. cit., 1941, 764) in the intestines of beetle larvae {Urographus fasciata DeG.). Habitat: Presumably widely distributed in nature. 11. Achroinobacter stenohalis ZoBell and Upham, 1944. (ZoBell and Upham, Bull. Scripps Inst, of Oceanography, Univ. of Calif., 5, 1944, 257; Acinetobacter stenohalis Brisou and Prevot, Ann. Inst. Past., 86, 1954, 727.) ste.no.ha'lis. Gr. adj. stenus narrow; hals, halis salt; M.L. gen.noun stenohalis of narrow salt (tolerance). Rods, 0.8 to 0.9 by 0.8 to 1.6 microns, occurring singly, in pairs and in short chains. Non-motile. Encapsulated. Gram- negative. All media except the fresh-water broth, litmus milk and potato were prepared with sea water. Gelatin colonies: 1 mm in diameter, whitish, circular, convex, entire. No pig- ment. Gelatin stab: Very slow, crateriform liquefaction. Napiform in 50 days. Agar colonies: Small, circular, opalescent. convex with slightly raised margin, smooth; lobate edge. Agar slant: Moderate, beaded, glistening, opalescent growth with no pigment. Sea-water broth: Moderate turbidity; viscid sediment; no pellicle or ring. Fresh-water broth: No visible growth. Litmus milk: No visible change. Casein not digested. Potato: No visible growth. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide not produced. No acid or gas from glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, mannitol, glycerol, xylose or salicin. Starch not hydrolyzed. Non -lipolytic. Nitrites slowly produced from nitrates. Ammonia produced from peptone but not from urea. Aerobic, facultative (poor anaerobic growth). Optimum temperature, between 20° and 25° C. Source: Isolated from sea water, marine mud and marine phytoplankton. Habitat: Sea water. 12. Achromobacter butyri Bergey et al., 1923. (Micrococcus butyri-aromafaciens Keith, The Technology Quarterly, 10, 1897, 247; Bergey et al., Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 148; Acinetobacter butyri Brisou and Prevot, Ann. Inst. Past., 86, 1954, 727.) bu'ty.ri. Gr. noun butyrum butter; M.L. gen.noun butyri of butter. Rods, 0.5 to 1.0 micron, nearly spherical, occurring singly and in pairs. Non-motile. Gram-negative. Gelatin colonies: White, circular, smooth, glistening. Gelatin stab: White surface growth; liquefaction with white sediment. Agar slant: Abundant, white, glistening growth. Broth: Turbid, with ring and sediment. Litmus milk: Reaction unchanged. Aro- matic odor. Potato: Slow and limited, white growth. Of 19 amino acids tested, none was re- quired for growth; preformed growth fac- tors also were not required (Campbell and Williams, Food Research, 16, 1951b, 506).