Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/327

 valine) may also be utilized as carbon sources (Campbell and Williams, loc. cil.). Nitrites rapidly produced from nitrates. Ammonia produced from peptone but not from urea. Trimethylamine not produced from tri- methylamine oxide, betaine, choline or acetyl choline (Campbell and Williams, Jour. Bact., 62, 1951b, 250). Inorganic sulfur may serve as a source of sulfur (Campbell and Williams, op. cit., 1951a, 506). Aerobic, facultative. Optimum temperature, between 20° and 25° C. Source: Isolated from sea water and from submerged slides. Habitat: Sea water. 7. Achromobacter guttatus (Zimmer- mann, 1890) Bergey et al., 1923. {Bacillus guttatus Zimmermann, Bakt. unserer Trink- u. Nutzwasser, Chemnitz, 1, 1890, 56; Bergey et al., Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 140.) gut.ta'tus. L. adj. guttatus drop-like. Description prepared by Dr. J. M. Rush, Clemson Agricultural College, Clemson South Carolina, from the original descrip- tion by Zimmermann, from the emended description of Bergey et al. (loc. cit.), and from a study of 74 freshly isolated cultures. Rods, 0.9 to 1.0 micron, occurring singly and in chains. Motile by means of peri- trichous flagella. Gram-negative. Gelatin colonies: Circular, gray, smooth, entire. Gelatin stab: No liquefaction. Agar colonies: Small, gray, smooth, en- tire, circular, convex. Agar slant: Growth moderate, gra}^ filiform, butyrous. Nutrient broth: Turbid. Litmus milk: Unchanged. Potato: Light tan, slimy growth. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide produced in small amounts on lead acetate agar. Acid from glucose. No acid or gas pro- duced from other carbohydrates. Sguros and Hartsell (Jour. Bact., 64, 1952, 811) report that the dissimilation of glucose is predominately aerobic in nature. Starch not hydrolyzed. Methyl red test negative. Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced. Citrate utilized. Of 19 amino acids tested, none was re- quired for growth; preformed growth fac- tors also were not required (Campbell and Williams, Food Research, 16, 1951a, 506). Ammonium chloride and the 19 amino acids which were tested may serve as sources of nitrogen; the amino acids may also be utilized as carbon sources (Campbell and Williams, loc. cit.). Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Ammonia produced slowly from peptone. Urease not produced. Trimethylamine not produced from tri- methjiamine oxide, betaine, choline or acetyl choline (Campbell and Williams, Jour. Bact., 62, 1951b, 250). Inorganic sulfur may serve as a source of sulfur (Campbell and Williams, op. cit., 1951a, 506). Non-hemolj'tic. Pathogenicity: Not lethal to white mice when injected in massive doses. Does not produce soft rot on carrots, potatoes or turnips. Aerobic, facultative. Optimum temperature, 25° C. Growth range, 15° to 30° C. Comments: Zimmermann emphasizes the resemblance of the gelatin colonies to drops of liquid and reports that spherical spores appear to be formed in chains of cells; spores are not reported by subsequent investigators. Zimmermann also reports that gelatin is liquefied slowly (after 4 weeks). Source: Originally isolated from Chem- nitz tap water; also isolated from meat, fish, soil and water. Habitat: Apparently widely distributed in water and foodstuffs. 8. Achromobacter cycloclastes (Gray and Thornton, 1928) Bergey et al., 1930. {Bacterium cycloclastes Gray and Thornton, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 73, 1928, 89; Bergey et al., Manual, 3rd ed., 1930, 212.) cy.clo.clas'tes. Gr. noun cyclus a ring; Gr. adj. clastus broken; M.L. noun cyclo- clastes a ring breaker. Rods, 1.0 to 1.5 by 1.5 to 8.0 microns.