Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/311

 II. Not pathogenic to plants. A. From soil. Grows on potato. Nitrates completely assimilated; test for nitrites may be negative. 6. Agrobacieriion radiohacter. B. From marine mud. Does not grow on potato. Nitrites produced from nitrates. 7. Agrohacterium stellulatum. 1. Agrobacteriuni tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend, 1907) Conn, 1942. {Bacterium tumefaciens Erw. Smith and Townsend, Science, 25 (N.S.), 1907, 672; Conn, Jour. Bact., 44, 1942, 359.) tu.me.fa'ci.ens. L. part. adj. tumefaciens tumor-producing. Description taken from Riker, Banfield, Wright, Keitt and Sagen (Jour. Agr. Res., 41, 1930, 507), Sagen, Riker and Baldwin (Jour. Bact., £8, 1934, 571) and Hendrick- son, Baldwin and Riker (Jour. Bact., 28, 1934, 597). Rods, 0.7 to 0.8 by 2.5 to 3.0 microns, oc- curring singly or in pairs. Encapsulated. Motile by means of 1 to 4 flagella. Gram- negative. Agar colonies: Small, white, circular, smooth, glistening, translucent, entire. Broth: Slightly turbid, with thin pellicle. Litmus milk: Slow coagulation. Litmus reduced. Neutral to alkaline. Indole production slight. Slight acid from glucose, fructose, arabi- nose, galactose, mannitol and salicin. Starch not hydroh^zed. Nitrites produced from nitrates to a very slight e.xtent. Optimum temperature, between 25° and 28° C. Facultative anaerobe. Distinctive characters: Causes a gall formation, parenchymatous in character, which, because of its soft nature, is subject to injury and decay. Agrobacteriuni tumefaciens strongly ab- sorbs Congo red and aniline blue in contrast to little or no absorption by A. rhizogenes. A. tumefaciens makes abundant growth on sodium selenite agar and calcium glj'cero- phosphate medium with mannitol in con- trast to no growth or a very slight trace by A. rhizogenes (Hendrickson et al., loc. cit.). Comment: A variety of this species that causes galls on blueberry has been de- scribed by Demaree and Smith (Phyto- path., .^^, 1952, 88). Source: Isolated from galls on plants. Habitat: Causes galls on Paris daisy and is cross-inoculable on over 40 families. 2. Agrobacteriuni gypsophilae (Brown, 1934) Starr and Weiss, 1943. {Bacterium gypsophilae Brown, Jour. Agr. Res., 48, 1934, 1109; Starr and Weiss, Phytopath., 33, 1943, 316.) gyp.so'phi.lae. Gr. noun gypsus chalk; Gr. adj. philus loving; M.L. fem.n. Gyp- sophila chalk-lover, generic name; M.L. gen. noun gypsophilae of Gypsophila. Rods, 0.2 to 0.8 by 0.4 to 1.4 microns. Mo- tile by means of 1 to 4 flagella. Encapsu- lated. Gram-negative. Gelatin: Liquefaction slow, beginning after 1 month. Beef -infusion agar colonies: Circular, Naples-yellow, smooth or rough, butyrous. Broth: Turbid in 24 hours. Milk: Coagulation and peptonization. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide: A trace may be pro- duced. Acid but no gas from glucose, sucrose, maltose, mannitol and glycerol. No acid from lactose. Starch not hydrolyzed. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Aerobic, facultative. Distinctive characters : Differs from Xan- ihomonas beticola in starch hydrolj^sis and hydrogen sulfide production; further- more, these two species cannot be cross- inoculated. Source: Isolated from several galls on Gypsophila. Habitat: Produces galls in Gypsophila paniculata and related plants.