Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/278

 Gelatin stab: Growth along entire stab. No liquefaction (Dimitroff, op. cit., 12, 1926, 31). Active liquefaction (Giesberger, op. cit., 1936, 65). Agar colonies: Dew drop, convex, entire, moist, colorless. Agar slant: Dew drop, isolated colonies. Broth: Cloudy, no flocculation. Uschinsky's protein-free medium: Abun- dant growth. Litmus milk: No growth. Loeffler's blood serum: Convex, isolated dew drop colonies. No liquefaction. Potato: No growth. Methyl red negative; acetylmethylcar- binol not produced. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide not produced. No acid or gas from carbohydrates. Lactates and citrates utilized (Giesberger, loc. cit.). Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Aerobic, facultative. Optimum temperature, 35° C. Source: Isolated from mud on an oyster shell. Habitat: Probably the muddy bottom of brackish water.

6. Spirillum minus Carter, 1888. (Car- ter, Sci. Mem. Med. Officers Army India, 3, 1888, 45; Spirochaeta muris Wenyon, Jour. Hyg., 6, 1906, 580.) mi'nus. L. comp.adj. minus less, smaller. Description taken from Adachi (Jour. Exp. Med., S3, 1921, 647) and Giesberger (Inaug. Diss., Delft, 1936, 67). Short thick cells, 0.5 by 3.0 microns, having 2 or 3 windings which are thick, regular and spiral. Actively motile by means of bipolar tufts of flagella. Gram-negative. Has not been cultivated on artificial media. Aerobic, facultative. Pathogenic for man, monkeys, rats, mice and guinea pigs. This species is regarded by some as a spirochaete. Because of its habitat and wide distribution it has been described under many different names. It is possible that some of these names indicate varieties or even separate species. See Beeson (Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 123, 1943, 332) for im- portant literature. Source: Found in the blood of rats and mice. Habitat: A cause of rat-bite fever. Widely distributed.

7. Spirillum kutscheri Migula, 1900. {Spirillum undula majus Kutscher, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., 18, 1895, 614; Migula, Syst. d. Bakt., 2, 1900, 1024.) ku'tsche.ri. M.L. gen. noun kutscheri of Kutscher; named for K. H. Kutscher, the German bacteriologist who first isolated this organism. Stout, spiral -shaped threads 1.5 microns in diameter. Wave lengths, 10.5 to 12.5 mi- crons; width, 3.0 to 4.5 microns. The spiral form may be lost on continued cultivation. Volutin granules present. Motile by means of tufts of flagella at the poles. Gram-nega- tive. Gelatin plate: Surface colonies are trans- parent and round; deep colonies are dark brown. Gelatin stab: Slow liquefaction. Agar colonies grow poorly; granular. Deep colonies yellowish green to dark brown. Agar slant: Delicate, transparent growth. Potato: Limited growth. Utilizes malic and succinic acids. Grows well on peptone broth. Also utilizes ammonia compounds. Catalase-positive. Optimum temperature, between 22° and 27° C. Source: Isolated from putrid materials and liquid manure. Habitat: Putrefying liquids.

8. Spirillum volutans Ehrenberg, 1832. (Prototype, Vibrio spirillum Miiller, Ani- malcula infusoria et marina, 1786; Ehren- berg, Physik. Abhandlungen d. k. Akad. Berlin, 1832, 38.) vo'lu.tans. L. v. voluto to tumble about; L. part. adj. volutans tumbling about. The largest of the spirilla; probably first seen by Miiller. Spiral-shaped cells 1.5 microns in di- ameter. Wave length, 13 to 14 microns;