Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/268

 Blood agar plates (in 10 per cent CO2 atmosphere) : Growth. Thiol agar (prepared by adding 35.0 gm of granular agar and 0.05 gm of glutathione to 1.0 liter of thiol medium (supplied in dehydrated form by Difco Laboratories) and adjusting the pH to 8.9): Moderate growth. Colonies vary from small (1 mm in diameter), transparent and convex to trans- lucent or opaque, light tan colonies up to 3 mm in diameter. Masses of growth are translucent and light gray or light tan. Broth: A viscid ring pellicle may appear; faint clouding of the medium occurs; a filmy, stringy deposit may settle out. Litmus milk: No growth. Potato: No growth. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide not produced. Nitrites produced from nitrates (Bryner and Frank, Amer. Jour. Vet. Res., 16, 1955, 76). Blood serum slant: Feeble growth. No liquefaction. No gas from carbohydrates. No change or slightl.y acid from glucose, lactose and sucrose. No acid from the following carbo- hydrates when each was added to a medium of beef infusion with peptone, agar and Andrade's indicator: glucose, fructose, galactose, arabinose, raffinose, trehalose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, dextrin, inulin, salicin, dulcitol, mannitol and sorbitol. Temperature relations: Optimum, 37° C. Minimum, 15° C. Maximum, 40.5° C. With- stands 55° C. for 5 minutes. Strains isolated from cases of abortion are catalase-positive (Bryner and Frank, loc. cit.). Salt tolerance: Tolerates 1.5 to 2.0 per cent NaCl in a semisolid medium. Bile tolerance: Most strains grow in a semisolid medium containing 10 per cent fresh ox bile; all strains grow in 5 per cent ox bile media (Schneider and Morse, Cor- nell Vet., J!^5, 1955, 84). Aerobic to microaerophilic. Pathogenicity: Infection with Vibrio fetus (vibriosis) causes abortion in cattle and sheep. Pathogenic for guinea pigs, ham- sters and embryonated chicken eggs (see Webster and Thorp, Amer. Jour. Vet. Res., 14, 1953, 118; Ristic and Morse, ibid., 399; and Ristic, Morse, Wipf and McNutt, ibid., 15, 1954, 309). Non-pathogenic to rabbits, rats and mice when injected intraperitone- ally. Source: Twenty-two strains were isolated from the placentas or fetuses of cows having abortion. Habitat: Causes abortion in cattle and sheep.

31. Vibrio coli Doyle, 1948. (Comma- shaped microorganisms. Whiting, Doyle and Spray, Purdue Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 257, 1921, 12; Vibrio of swine dysen- tery, Doyle, Amer. Jour. Vet. Res., 5, 1944, 3; Doyle, ibid., 9, 1948, 50.) co'li. Gr. noun colum or colon the large intestine, colon; M.L. gen. noun coli of the colon. Description taken from Doyle {loc. cit.) and Hauduroy et al. (Diet. d. Bact. Path., 2nd ed., 1953, 649). Curved rods, comma- and sometimes spiral-shaped, 0.2 to 0.5 by 1.5 to 5.0 mi- crons. Motile by means of a single, polar flagellum. Gram-negative. Agar colonies: Transparent and color- less. Good growth only when the medium contains 10 per cent of defibrinated blood and when the atmosphere contains 15 per cent CO2 ; abundant growth in the moisture of condensation. Gelatin: Not liquefied. Litmus milk: No growth; not coagulated. Indole not produced. Glucose, sucrose, lactose, maltose and mannitol not utilized. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Coagulated blood serum not hemolyzed. Pathogenicity: Injection causes no dis- ease in calves, rabbits, rats, mice, guinea pigs or chickens. Injection causes dj-sentery in swine. Source: Isolated from the mucosa of the colon of a swine which had died of dys- entery. Habitat: Causes dysentery in swine.

32. Vibrio jejuni Jones et al., 1931. (Jones, Orcutt and Little, Jour. Exp. Med., 53, 1931, 853.)