Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/262

 the inoculation streak, whitish growth along sides. The gel is later much weakened. Broth: Slightly turbid. No pellicle. Acid from glucose, lactose and maltose. No acid from sucrose or glycerol. Starch hydrolyzed. Decomposes cellulose and agar. The pres- ence of one per cent glucose prevents the liquefaction of agar. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Utilizes ammonium salts as a source of nitrogen. Aerobic. Temperature relations: Optimum, 25° C; will grow at 16° but not at 34° C. Habitat: Soil.

17. Vibrio andoii Aoi and Orikura, 1928. (Eine neue Agarzersetzende Bodenbak- terienart, Aoi, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 63, 1924, 30; Aoi and Orikura, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 74, 1928, 331.) an.do'i.i. M.L. gen .noin andoii of Andoi; named for Andoi, a Japanese scientist. Curved rods with more or less tapering ends, c- or s-shaped, 0.5 to 0.8 by 1.5 to 2.5 microns. Motile by means of a single, polar flagellum. Gram-negative. Gelatin: No growth. Peptone agar media: No growth. Peptone broth: No growth. Litmus milk: No growth. Potato: No growth. Ammonium sulfate agar colonies: Puncti- form, circular, concave, surrounded with a clear zone. Ammonium sulfate agar slant: Growth grayish, becoming straw-yellow, sinking into the medium as the agar liquefies. Glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, xylose and "konjac" assimilated. Konjac, a Japanese food in tablets and strips, re- sembles gelatinized agar; it is prepared from the tuber of the konjac plant, Amor-pho- phallus rivieri. Starch hydrolyzed. Cellulose and lignin not attacked. Xylan decomposed. Cellobiose decomposed. Aerobic, facultative. Temperature relations: Optimum, be- tween 25° and 28° C. Minimum, 8° C. Max- imum, 37° C. Optimum pH, between 6.8 and 7.5. Distinctive characters : When grown sym- biotically with a second, unnamed species found in rotted manure, the latter species is able to hydrolyze cellulose in straw, prob- ably because the first species (Vibrio andoii) decomposes the xylan that protects the cellulose from the action of the second spe- cies. Source: Isolated from rotted stable ma- nure. Habitat: Presumably decomposing or- ganic matter.

18. Vibrio beijerinckii Stanier, 1941. (Tyrosine vibrio of the sea, Beijerinck, Proc. Sect. Sci., Kon. Akad. Vetenschappen, Amsterdam, 13, 1911, 1072; Stanier, Jour. Bact., 42, 1941, 539.) beij .er.inck'i.i.M.L. gen. nounbeijerinckii of Beijerinck; named for Prof. M. W. Beije- rinck, the Dutch biologist who first dis- covered this species. Small, curved rods, 0.4 to 1.0 by 2.0 to 6.0 microns, usually single, sometimes oc- curring in short chains; in older cultures, occur mostly as straight rods. Actively motile by means of polar flagella. Encap- sulated. Gram-negative. Sea-water peptone agar colonies : Round, smooth, glistening, mucoid, entire. White to gray in color. After 24 hrs, 3 to 4 mm in diameter. The agar softens and clears for a distance of 3 to 5 mm from the edge of the colony, the outer edge of the gelase field being sharply defined. The colonies eventu- ally grow to as much as 10 mm in diameter with a gelase margin of 2 to 3 cm. Sea-water nitrate agar: Growth is slower than with peptone, but pigment production is much more marked. After 48 hours, col- onies are 1 mm in diameter with a dark brown to black center and a colorless mar- gin. Pigmented granules may be seen lying among the cells. Sea-water peptone agar slant: Abundant growth after 24 hours, spreading, slightly raised, smooth, glistening, mucoid, dirty- white to dark gray in color. Agar digestion is evidenced onlj' by a general softening of the slant. After several days, a pale brown, diffusible pigment is produced by some strains.