Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/222

 Glucose-beer-agar colonies: When in- cubated in CO2, irregularly circular, entire, convex, about 1 mm in diameter, cream- colored by reflected light, brown by trans- mitted light, thinly butyrous, granular. Glucose-beer-agar slant: Normally there is no growth although there may be a slight growth after prolonged incubation. Fili- form or beaded, creamy white, thinly butyrous, non-adherent growth when incu- bated in CO2. Glucose-beer-agar stab: Dense, filiform to beaded growth in stab; no surface growth. Yeast extract, sugar-free beer: No growth. Beer, 2 per cent glucose: Densely turbid, later becoming clear with a heavy sediment. Yeast extract glucose broth: Growth only in deep medium; slight deposit on walls of tube; dense sediment at bottom. Indole not produced. Glucose and fructose readily fermented; maltose, sucrose, lactose and ethyl alcohol not attacked. Acetylmethylcarbinol and diacetyl not produced. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Anaerobic, microaeroduric (not micro- aerophilic). Temperature relations: Optimum, 30° C.; thermal death point, 60° C. for 5 minutes. pH range for growth, 3.4 to 7.5. Distinctive characters: Does not grow in any medium unless glucose or fructose is present. 8himwell {loc. cit.) recognizes a non-motile variety of this species. A related or perhaps identical species has been de- scribed as the cause of "cider sickness" in England (see Barker, Ann. Rept. Nat. Fruit and Cider Inst. Long Ashton, 1948). A comparative study of cultures of Zymo- monas mobilis, Z. anaerobia and the cider organism made in 1951 shows that these organisms are closely related. Z. anaerobia did show fermentation of sucrose although the cider organism did not show this fer- mentation (Kluyver, personal communica- tion). Source: Isolated from beer, from the surface of brewery yards and from the brushes of cask-washing machines. Habitat: Plant juices or extracts con- taining glucose. Note: Species incertae sedis. Additional species which probably belong in this genus but which have not been well described have been reported from beer and cider.

(Bijdrage tot de kennis van het mineralisatieproces. Thesis, Rotterdam, 1926, 159.)

Pro.ta.mi.no.bac'ter. Gr. sup.adj. protus first; M.L. noun aminum an amine; M.L. mas.n. bacter masculine form of Gr. neut.n. bactrum rod or staff; M.L. mas.n. Protaminobacter protamine rod.

Cells motile or non-motile. Capable of dissimilating alkylamines. Pigmentation frequent. Soil or water forms.

Recently Slepecky and Doetsch (Bact. Proc, 54th Gen. Meeting, Soc. of Amer. Bact., 1954, 44) have isolated 23 fresh cultures of polar flagellate organisms that utilize alkylamines. Of these, one resembled a known species of Protaminobacter, but all showed the general characters of organisms placed in the genus Pseudomonas. The authors question the recognition of the genus Protaminobacter on a biochemical basis only.

The type species is Protaminobacter alboflavus den Dooren de Jong.

I. Non-motile. Gelatin colonies light yellow to colorless.

II. Motile. Gelatin colonies red.