Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/212

 ::1. Not proven to be pathogenic for fish and amphibians.


 * 2. Generally regarded as the cause of an infectious edema of carp and other fish.


 * B. Originally isolated from a septicemia in frogs (red leg).

II. Non-motile. Pathogenic for fish, particularly Salmonidae.

1. Aeromonas liquefaciens (Beijerinck, 1900) Kluyver and van Niel, 1936. {Aero- bacter liquefaciens Beijerinck, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 6, 1900, 199; Kluyver and van Niel, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 94, 1936, 399.) li.que.fa'ci.ens. L. v. liquefacio to liquefy; L. part. adj. liquefaciens liquefying. Description taken from Beijerinck (op. cit., 6, 1900, 199) and from E. M. Miles and A. A. Miles (Jour. Gen. Microbiol., 5, 1951, 299). Rods, 0.4 to 0.8 by 1.5 to 3.0 microns, with parallel sides and rounded ends. Fila- ments common in "rough" colony forms. Motile by means of a single polar flagellum about 5 to 6 microns long. Gram-negative. Gelatin stab: Liquefaction marked and commonly saccate, good growth. Horse blood agar colonies: 2 to 3 mm in diameter, round, entire, raised, smooth, moist, opaque, semi-translucent, grayish white, forming a dirty brown-yellow colora- tion after 3 to 5 days at room temperature ; non-hemolytic. Broth: Growth abundant, turbid, with a moderate, readily disintegrable sediment and delicate pellicle. Loeffler's serum: Growth abundant, but no digestion. Litmus milk: Acid; coagulated; digested. Potato: Growth abundant, moist and glistening, light brown. Indole is produced. Nitrites but not ammonia produced from nitrates (Beijerinck); ammonia produced, presumably from peptones (Miles and Miles) . Methyl red test negative. Citric acid and salts of citric acid may be utilized as sole sources of carbon. Ammonium sulfate, uric acid and aspara- gine may be utilized as sources of nitrogen. Catalase produced. Hydrogen sulfide produced. Urea not attacked. Methylene blue reduced. Starch hydrolyzed (Miles and Miles) ; starch not hydrolyzed (Beijerinck). Acid and gas from glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose, maltose, sucrose, man- nitol, glycerol and starch. Acid from lactose, raffinose, inositol and sorbitol. Slight acid from salicin at 22° C. but none at 37° C. Glucose fermented with the production of 2,3-butanediol. Arabinose, rhamnose and dulcitol not attacked. Aerobic, facultative. Temperature relations: Optimum, 37° C; good growth on ordinary laboratory media at 20° C. Produces a characteristic black-rot in hen eggs. Pathogenic to mice, also to frogs, causing a fatal bacteriemia. Source: Found rarely in canal mud, generally in certain marshes and swamps. Habitat relationships uncertain. Those that believe this organism to be identical with Aeromonas punctata would associate it with a disease of carp, eels and other fishes.

2. Aeromonas punctata (Zimmermann, 1890, emend. Lehmann and Neumann, 1896) Snieszko, comb. nov. (Bacillus punctatus Zimmermann, Bakt. unserer Trink- und Nutzwasser, Chemnitz, 1, 1890, 38; Bac- terium punctatum Lehmann and Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 238; Pseudo- monas punctata Chester, Man. Determ. Bact., 1901, 147; also see Schaperclaus, Ztschr. f. Fischerei, 28, 1930, 289.) punc.ta'ta. L. noun punctum a point, a small hole; M.L. adj. punctata full of points. Rods, 0.7 by 1.0 to 1.5 microns, occurring singly, in pairs and in chains. Motile with a single polar flagellum. Gram-negative. Gelatin colonies: Small, circular, gray, erose to filamentous, punctiform.