Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/191

 Nitrites and ammonia not produced.

Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced.

No growth in Uschinsky's, Cohn's or Koser's uric acid medium.

Acid but no gas from glucose, lactose, sucrose, mannitol, raffinose, salicin and xylose. Fructose, arabinose and rhamnose not attacked.

Starch hydrolyzed.

Temperature relations: Optimum, 30°C. Minimum, 10°C. Maximum, 40°C.

pH range for growth, pH 5.3 to 9.2. Optimum pH, 7.0.

Source: Isolated from Ipomoea muricata in India.

Habitat: Pathogenic on Ipomoea muricata.

35. Xanthomonas vasculorum (Cobb, 1893) Dowson, 1939. (Bacillus vascularum (sic) Cobb, Agr. Gaz. of New South Wales, 4, 1893, 777; abst. in Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 1, 1895, 41; Xanthomonas vascularum (sic) Dowson, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 190.)

vas.cu.lo'rum. L. vasculum a small vessel; M.L. neut.pl.gen.n. vasculorum of small vessels.

Description from Erw. Smith (Bact. in Rel. to Plant Dis., 3, 1914, 54).

Rods 0.4 by 1.0 micron. Motile with a single polar flagellum. Originally reported as Gram-variable but later found to be Gram-negative (Elliott, Man. Bact. Plant Path., 2nd ed., 1951, 147).

Gelatin: Liquefaction feeble. Liquefaction good (Burkholder).

Beef-extract agar colonies: Pale yellow, smooth, glistening, not noticeably viscid.

Broth: Good growth.

Milk: Alkaline.

Nitrites not produced from nitrates.

Lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, Phytopath., 32, 1942, 600).

Acid but no gas from glucose, fructose and glycerol. No acid from lactose.

Starch hydrolyzed (Burkholder).

Pectate medium liquefied.

Temperature relations: Optimum, 28° C. Thermal death point, about 50° C. (Elliott, op. cit., 1951, 147).

Source: Isolated from diseased sugar cane.

Habitat: Pathogenic on sugar cane, Saccharum officinarum, causing a bacterial gummosis.

36. Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Doidge, 1920) Dowson, 1939. (Bacterium vesicatorium Doidge, Jour. Dept. Agr., S. Africa, 1, 1920, 718; also Ann. Appl. Biol., 7, 1921, 428; Dowson, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 190.)

ve.si.ca.to'ri.a. L. vesica a blister; M.L. adj. vesicatorius causing a blister.

Rods 0.6 to 0.7 by 1.0 to 1.5 microns. Encapsulated. Motile with a single polar flagellum. Originally reported as Gram-positive but later found to be Gram-negative by Gardner and Kendrick (Phytopath., 13, 1923, 307) and Higgins (Phytopath., 12, 1922, 513).

Gelatin: Liquefied.

Nutrient agar colonies: Good growth. Circular, wet-shining, Naples-yellow, edges entire.

Milk: Casein precipitated and slowly digested. Tyrosine crystals.

Nitrites not produced from nitrates.

Indole not produced.

Hydrogen sulfide produced (Burkholder).

Lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, Phytopath., 32, 1942, 600).

Acid but no gas from glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, galactose, glycerol and dextrin.

Certain strains hydrolyze starch, others do not (Burkholder and Li, Phytopath., 31, 1941, 753).

Pectate medium liquefied.

Optimum temperature, 30° C.

Distinctive character: Xanthomonas vesicatoria is reported as pathogenic on tomatoes and peppers. However Burkholder and Li (loc. cit.) report that there are sufficient cultural and pathogenic differences between the organism infecting tomatoes and the organism infecting peppers to warrant their separation into distinct species.

Comment: A variety pathogenic on radishes, turnips and other crucifers, and on tomato and peppers, has been described by White (Phytopath., 20, 1930, 653). Differs from Xanthomonas campestris in that it does not cause a vascular disease. Unlike a