Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/190

 Broth: Turbid with thin ring.

Milk: Litmus reduced. Soft curd precipitated and slowly digested. Liquid gradually clears. Tyrosine crystals produced.

Nitrites not produced from nitrates.

Indole not produced.

Hydrogen sulfide produced.

Lipase produced.

Acid from glucose, xylose, galactose, fructose, lactose, sucrose and glycerol. Arabinose, maltose, raffinose, inulin, mannitol, ethanol and salicin not attacked. Salts of acetic, citric, lactic, malic and succinic acids utilized with an increase in pH. Salts of tartaric, formic, salicylic and benzoic acids not utilized.

Starch hydrolyzed.

Pectate medium liquefied.

Salt tolerance: 3.25 to 3.5 per cent.

Temperature relations: Optimum, 30° C. Minimum, between 0° and 3° C. Maximum, 38° C.

Aerobic.

Source: Seven isolates from diseased Russian dandelions grown at Ithaca, New York.

Habitat: Pathogenic on Taraxacum koksaghyz Russian dandelion.

33. Xanthomonas translucens (Jones et al., 1917) Dowson, 1939. (Bacterium translucens Jones, Johnson and Reddy, Jour. Agr. Res., 11, 1917, 637; Dowson, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 190.)

trans. lu'cens. L. transluceo to be translucent; L. part. translucens being translucent.

Rods 0.5 to 0.8 by 1.0 to 2.5 microns. Motile with a single polar flagellum. Gram-negative.

Gelatin: Liquefied.

Beef-peptone agar colonies: Round, smooth, shining, amorphous except for inconspicuous, somewhat irregular concentric striations within, wax-yellow tinged with old gold; margin entire.

Broth: Turbidity becomes rather strong. Pellicle.

Milk: Soft coagulum and digestion. Milk clears. Tyrosine crystals produced.

Nitrites not produced from nitrates.

Indole: Slight production.

Hydrogen sulfide produced.

Lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, Phytopath., 32, 1942, 600).

Ammonia from peptone.

Acid but no gas from glucose, d-fructose, d-mannose, d-galactose, sucrose, lactose and sometimes salicin. No utilization of l-rhamnose, inositol, maltose, raffinose, inulin, d-mannitol or dulcitol.

Starch hydrolyzed.

Pectate medium not liquefied.

Temperature relations: Optimum, 26° C. Minimum, 6° C. Maximum, 36° C.

Aerobic.

Distinctive characters: Many forms of Xanthomonas translucens have been described, all of which have the same cultural characters; they differ mainly in pathogenicity.

Comment: Various varieties, formae speciales and races of this species have been described. See Elliott (Man. Bact. Plant Path., 2nd ed., 1951, 142-146) for details.

Source: Originally isolated from bacterial blight of barley.

Habitat: Causes water-soaked stripes, streaks or other lesions on leaves, culms or glumes of grain and related plants. Occurs naturally on Triticum spp., Hordeum spp., Bromus spp., Secale cereale, Phleum pratense and, by inoculation, on Avena spp.

34. Xanthomonas uppalii Patel, 1948. (Indian Phytopath., 1, 1948, 67.)

up.pa'li.i. Named for B. N. Uppal, an Indian plant pathologist; M.L. gen.noun uppalii of Uppal.

Rods, 0.7 to 1.0 by 2.0 to 2.4 microns, mostly single. Motile with a single polar flagellum. Gram-negative.

Gelatin: Rapid liquefaction.

Nutrient agar slants: Growth smooth, slightly raised, dull, filiform, opalescent, lemon-chrome.

Potato-glucose agar colonies: Growth copious, glistening, butyrous, empire-yellow.

Broth: Turbid. No pellicle. Sediment and floccules in 4 days.

Milk: Growth good. Litmus reduced.

Indole not produced.

Hydrogen sulfide produced.