Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/188

 Habitat: Pathogenic on Pelargonium spp. and Geranium spp.

27. Xanthomonas phaseoli (Erw. Smith, 1897) Dowson, 1939. (Bacillus phaseoli Erw. Smith, Bot. Gaz., 24, 1897, 192; A. A. A. S. Proc, 46 1898, 288; Dowson, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 190.)

pha.se'o.li. Gr. phaselus the kidney bean; L. phaseolus kidney bean; M.L. mas.n. Phaseolus generic name of bean; M.L. gen.noun phaseoli of the bean.

Description from Burkholder (Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem. 127, 1930, 18; Phytopath., 22, 1932,609).

Rods 0.87 by 1.9 microns. Motile with a single polar flagellum. Gram-negative.

Gelatin: Liquefied.

Beef-extract agar colonies: Circular, amber-yellow, smooth, butyrous, edges entire.

Broth: Turbid in 24 hours. Yellow ring.

Milk: Casein precipitated and digested. Alkaline. Tyrosine crystals formed.

Nitrites not produced from nitrates.

Indole not produced.

Hydrogen sulfide produced.

Lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, Phytopath., 32, 1942, 600).

Acid but no gas from glucose, galactose, fructose, arabinose, xylose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, raffinose and glycerol. Alkaline reaction from salts of acetic, malic, citric and succinic acids. Mannitol, dulcitol, salicin and formic and tartaric acids not fermented.

Starch hydrolyzed.

Pectate medium not liquefied.

Aerobic.

Very slight growth in beef broth plus 4 per cent salt (Hedges, Jour. Agr. Res., 29, 1924, 243).

Distinctive character: Similar in culture to Xanthomonas campestris, X. juglandis, X. vesicatoria, etc., but they do not cross infect.

Comments: A variety that produces pustules on the leaves and pod of soy bean, Glycine max, both in America and Japan, has been described by Hedges (Science, 56, 1922, 11). Liquefies pectate medium.

Two additional varieties have been described which produce a dark brown color in a beef extract peptone medium and also in tyrosine medium. The first of these is pathogenic on beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and related plants. The second was isolated from white kidney beans in India and is pathogenic on Phaseolus vulgaris, P. lunatus, P. coccineus and Dolichos lablab.

Habitat: Pathogenic on the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), the hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab), the lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus), etc. Not pathogenic on the soy bean (Glycine sp.) nor cowpea (Vigna sp.).

28. Xanthomonas plantaginis (Thornberry and Anderson, 1937) Burkholder, 1948. (Phytomonas plantaginis Thornberry and Anderson, Phytopath., 27, 1937, 947; Burkholder, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 161.)

plan.ta'gi.nis. L. plantago, plantaginis the plantain; M.L. fem.n. Plantago generic name of plantain; M.L. gen.noun plantaginis of plantain.

Rods, 0.6 to 1.0 by 1.0 to 1.8 microns, occurring singly or in chains. Encapsulated. Motile with 1 to 2 polar flagella. Gram-negative.

Gelatin: Slight liquefaction.

Glucose agar slant: Growth moderate, filiform, raised, opaque, yellow and viscid.

Broth: Moderately turbid with ring.

Milk: Slight acidity, no reduction of litmus. Peptonization.

Nitrites not produced from nitrates.

Indole not produced.

Hydrogen sulfide not produced.

No appreciable amount of gas from carbohydrates.

Starch hydrolyzed.

Temperature relations: Optimum, 25° C. Minimum, 12° C. Maximum, 35° C. Thermal death point, 50° C.

Aerobic.

Source: From diseased leaves of Plantago lanceolata in Illinois.

Habitat: Pathogenic on Plantago spp.

29. Xanthomonas ricinicola (Elliott, 1930) Dowson, 1939. (Bacterium ricini Yoshi and Takimoto, Jour. Plant Protect., Tokyo, 15, 1928, 12; Bacterium ricinicola Elliott, Man. Bact. Plant Path., 1930, 193; Dowson, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 190.)

ri.ci.ni'co.la. L. ricinus the castor oil