Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/181

 Nitrites not produced from nitrates.

Methyl red negative: acetylmethylcarbinol not produced.

Synthetic asparagine medium: No growth.

Acid but no gas from glucose, lactose and sucrose. Salicin not attacked.

Starch hydrolyzed.

Salt tolerance: Up to 3 per cent.

Optimum temperature, between 25° and 28° C.

Aerobic.

Source: Isolated from leaves, stems and petioles of Piper betle in India.

Habitat: Pathogenic on Piper betle.

9. Xanthomonas campestris (Pammel, 1895) Dowson, 1939. (Bacillus campestris Pammel, Iowa Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 27, 1895, 130; Dowson, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 190.)

cam.pes'tris. L. campestris of a level field this specific epithet is also that of Brassica campestris, a host.

Description from McCulloch (Jour. Agr. Res., 38, 1929, 278). Species is probably composed of several varieties. See descriptions by Mekta, Ann. Appl. Biol., 12, 1925, 330; Paine and Nirula, Ann. Appl. Biol., 15, 1928, 46; Wormald and Frampton, Ann. Rept. East. Mall. Res. Sta., 1926 and 1927, II Supplement, 1928, 108; and others.

Rods 0.3 to 0.5 by 0.7 to 2.0 microns. Motile with a polar flagellum. Encapsulated. Gram-negative.

Gelatin: Liquefied.

Beef agar colonies: Wax-yellow, round, smooth, shining, translucent, margins entire.

Broth: Turbid with yellow rim and sometimes a pellicle.

Milk: Casein digested with the formation of tyrosine crystals. Alkaline.

Nitrites not produced from nitrates.

Indole production weak.

Hydrogen sulfide produced.

Lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, Phytopath., 32, 1942, 600).

Acid but no gas from glucose, sucrose, lactose, glycerol and mannitol.

Starch hydrolyzed.

Pectate medium liquefied.

Temperature relations: Optimum, between 28° and 30° C. Maximum, 36° C.

Aerobic.

Distinctive characters: Causes a vascular infection in cabbage, cauliflower and rutabagas.

Comment: A variety pathogenic on horseradish and related species has been described by McCulloch (Jour. Agr. Res., 38, 1929, 269). Causes a leaf spot. Does not liquefy pectate medium.

Source: Pammel (op. cit., 1895, 130) first isolated the pathogen from diseased rutabagas.

Habitat: Pathogenic on cabbage, cauliflower and other related species.

10. Xanthomonas cassiae Kulkarni et al., 1951. (Kulkarni, Patel and Dhande, Curr. Sci., 20, 1951, 47.)

cas'si.ae. M.L. fem.n. Cassia generic name of host; M.L. gen.noun cassiae of Cassia.

Rods 0.8 to 1.0 by 1.2 to 2.1 microns. Motile with a single polar flagellum. Gram-negative.

Gelatin: Liquefied.

Potato-glucose agar colonies: 1.2 cm in diameter after 7 days, smooth, circular, lobate, glistening, convex, butyrous, pinard-yellow.

Milk: Litmus reduced. Medium peptonized.

Hydrogen sulfide produced.

Nitrites not produced from nitrates.

Loeffler's blood serum: Liquefied.

Methyl red negative; acetylmethylcarbinol not produced.

Acid but no gas from glucose, lactose and sucrose. Arabinose, glycerol and salicin not attacked.

Starch hydrolyzed.

Koser's citrate medium: Growth.

Synthetic asparagine medium: Slight growth.

Non-lipolytic.

Salt tolerance: Up to 3 per cent.

Optimum temperature, 27° C.

Aerobic.

Source: Isolated from leaves, stems and petioles of Cassia tora in India.

Habitat: Pathogenic on Cassia tora.

11. Xanthomonas cajani Kulkarni et al., 1950. (Kulkarni, Patel and Abhyankar, Curr. Sci., 19, 1950, 384.)