Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/166

 acetic, citric, formic, hippuric, lactic, malic, maleic, succinic and tartaric acids.

Starch not hydrolyzed.

Aerobic.

Temperature relations: Optimum between 30° and 33° C. Minimum, 5° C. or less. Maximum, 46° C.

Slight growth in broth plus 3.5 per cent salt.

Source: Isolated first by L. K. Jones and later by W. H. Burkholder from dying carnation plants from Spokane, Washington. Twelve isolates used in description.

Habitat: Pathogenic on roots and stalks of the carnation, Dianthus caryophyllus.

124. Pseudomonas solanacearum (Erw. Smith, 1896) Erw. Smith, 1914. (Bacillus solanacearum Erw. Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Veg. Phys. and Path., Bull. 12, 1896, 10; Erw. Smith, Bacteria in Relation to Plant Diseases, 3, 1914, 178.)

so.la.na.ce.a'rum. L. solanum the nightshade; -aceae familial ending; M.L. fem.pl.noun Solanaceae the nightshade family; M.L. fem.pl.gen.n. solanacearum of the Solanaceae.

Rods 0.5 to 1.5 microns. Motile with a polar flagellum. Gram-negative.

Gelatin: Nakata (Jour. Sci. Agr. Soc. Tokyo, 294, 1927, 216) states there are two forms, one of which shows slight liquefaction. The other shows no liquefaction.

Agar colonies: Small, irregular, roundish, smooth, wet-shining, opalescent, becoming brown.

Broth: Slight pellicle. Broth turns brown.

Milk: Cleared without precipitation of casein.

Nitrites produced from nitrates.

Indole not produced.

Hydrogen sulfide not produced (Burkholder).

Glucose, sucrose, glycerol, sodium citrate, peptone, tyrosine, asparagine and glutamic acid are utilized (Mushin, Austral. Jour. Expt. Biol, and Med., 16, 1938, 325).

Nitrogen sources utilized are ammonia, nitrates (KNO3), asparagine, tyrosine, peptone and glutamic acid, but not potassium nitrite (Mushin, loc. cit.).

Starch not hydrolyzed.

Temperature relations: Optimum between 35° and 37° C. Minimum, 10° C. Maximum, 41° C.

Pathogenicity readily lost in culture.

Comment: A variety that turns litmus milk and cream red has been described by Erw. Smith (Bact. in Relation to Plant Diseases, 3, 1914, 282). It was isolated by J. A. Honing from diseased tobacco plants in Medan, Sumatra.

Source: Isolated from brown-rot of solanaceous plants.

Habitat: Soil pathogen in warm, moist climates attacking numerous species of plants, especially potato, tobacco and tomato.

125. Pseudomonas castaneae (Kawamura, 1934) Săvulescu, 1947. (Bacterium castaneae Kawamura, Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan, 3, 1934, 15; Săvulescu, Anal. Acad. Romane, III, 22, 1947, 11.)

cas.ta'ne.ae. Gr. castanum the chestnut tree; L. castanea the chestnut; M.L. fem.noun Castanea generic name of chestnut; M.L. gen.noun castaneae of the chestnut.

Rods 0.8 to 1.2 by 1.0 to 1.8 microns. Motile with 1 to 5 polar flagella. Gram-negative.

Gelatin: Liquefied.

Beef agar colonies: White, circular, edges slightly undulate, viscid.

Milk: No coagulation. Peptonized.

Acid but no gas from glucose, sucrose and glycerol. No acid from lactose.

Temperature relations: Optimum between 25° and 27° C. Minimum, 3° C. Maximum, 35° C.

Aerobic, facultative.

Habitat: Causes water-soaked spotting on leaves and shoots of chestnut, Castanea.

126. Pseudomonas passiflorae (Reid, 1939) Burkholder, 1948. (Phytomonas passiflorae Reid, New Zealand Jour. Sci. and Tech., 22, 1939, 264a; Burkholder, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 138.)

pas.si.flo'rae. L. passio passion; L. flos, floris a flower; M.L. fem.noun Passiflora generic name of passion flower; M.L. gen.noun passiflorae of the passion flower.

Rods 0.2 to 0.5 by 1.2 to 3.2 microns.