Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/124

 Broth: Turbid.

Nitrates reduced to nitrites by some strains.

Starch not hydrolyzed.

Acid produced from glucose by most strains.

Attacks naphthalene.

Aerobic, facultative.

Grows at 35° to 37° C.

Source: Isolated from soil.

Habitat: Soil.

6. Pseudomonas effusa Kellerman et al., 1913. (Kellerman, McBeth, Scales and Smith, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 39, 1913, 515; also see Soil Science, 1, 1916, 472.)

ef.fu′sa. L. adj. effusus spread out.

Rods 0.4 by 1.7 microns. Motile by means of one to three polar flagella. Gram-negative.

Gelatin stab: Liquefied. A non-liquefying variety is also found.

Agar slant: Luxuriant, glistening, moist, creamy, spreading growth. Medium becomes greenish fluorescent.

Peptone starch agar slant: Abundant, flat, moist, rich creamy growth. Medium shows greenish fluorescence.

Broth: Turbid; viscid sediment. Medium becomes greenish fluorescent.

Litmus milk: Alkaline. Coagulation and digestion. Litmus reduced. A variety that acts more slowly on litmus milk is also found.

Potato: Abundant, creamy, glistening, brownish flesh-colored growth.

Indole not produced.

Nitrites produced from nitrates.

Ammonia is produced.

No acid from glucose, starch, lactose, sucrose, maltose, glj'cerol or mannitol.

Starch hydrolysis weak.

Cellulose is attacked.

Aerobic, facultative.

Temperature relations: Optimum, 37° C.

Survives 60° C, but not 70° C, for 15 minutes.

Source: Isolated from soils in Utah.

Habitat: Soil.

7. Pseudomonas ephemerocyanea Fuller and Norman, 1943. (Jour. Bact., 46, 1943, 274.)

e.phe.me.ro.cy.a′ne.a. Gr. adj. ephemerus short-lived; Gr. adj. cyaneus blue; M.L. adj. ephemerocyaneus ephemeral blue.

Rods, 0.3 to 0.4 by 2.2 to 2.8 microns, straight to slightly bent with rounded ends, arranged singly. Motile by means of 1 to 3 polar flagella. Gram-negative.

Gelatin stab: Liquefied.

Starch agar colonies: Pinpoint colonies in three days, 1 to 2 mm in 5 days. White becoming tan, raised, glistening, smooth, entire.

Water-insoluble dextrin colonies: Pinpoint colonies show an enzymic zone, white, convex, entire.

Starch agar slant: Heavy gelatinous, light brown becoming deeper brown.

Litmus milk: No visible growth.

Indole not produced.

Nitrites produced from nitrates.

Starch hydrolyzed.

Attacks glucose, lactose, maltose, galactose, arabinose and xylose. Utilizes cellulose, cellulosan, water-soluble and water-insoluble cellulose dextrins and pectin. Slow utilization of gum arable and calcium gluconate.

In mineral nutrient media, filter paper strips are disintegrated at the air-liquid interface with the formation of a transitory violet or blue color which becomes light brown.

Peptone, yeast extract, nitrate and ammonia serve as nitrogen sources.

Aerobic.

Optimum temperature, 22° to 35° C.

Distinctive characters: In media containing cellulose a transitory intense blue or violet color develops. In aerated cultures the entire medium becomes blue. The pigment appears to be water-soluble. After a few hours the color becomes light brown.

Source: Isolated from soil.

Habitat: Soil.

8. Pseudomonas fairmontensis (Wright, 1895) Chester, 1901. (Bacillus Fairmontensis (sic) Wright, Memoirs Nat. Acad. Sci., 7, 1895, 458; Chester, Man. Determ. Bact., 1901, 311.)

fair.mon.ten′sis. Fairmount Park (Philadelphia) place name; M.L. adj. fairmontensis pertaining to Fairmount.

Medium-sized rods, occurring singly, in