Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/111




 * aa. Cultures develop a yellow, non-water-soluble pigment. Cells normally monotrichous. Mostly plant pathogens which cause a necrosis.


 * 2. Bacteria which produce readily detectable amounts of acetic acid by the oxidation of ethanol. The vinegar bacteria.


 * B. Genera in which the species ferment glucose, usually with the production of H2 and CO2.


 * 1. Cells carry out a fermentation like that of the coliform bacteria. Usually produce acid and gas from glucose.


 * a. Cells not known to fix free atmospheric nitrogen.


 * b. Water organisms. Common species cause diseases of fishes. Also found in leeches. Not luminescent.


 * bb. Luminescent bacteria commonly found on dead fishes and crustacea on salt-water beaches.


 * aa. Cells fix free atmospheric nitrogen.


 * 2. Cells carry out an alcoholic fermentation similar to that of yeasts.

II. Do not attack carbohydrates or, if so, produce only slight amounts of acid from glucose and similar sugars. Includes certain species which require at least 12 per cent salt for growth.


 * A. Do not require salt in excess of 12 per cent for growth.


 * 1. Cells not embedded in a gelatinous matrix.


 * a. Cells rod-shaped.


 * b. Soil and water bacteria that are known to dissimilate alkylamines.


 * bb. Soil and water bacteria that are known to dissimilate alginic acid.


 * aa. Soil bacteria that are known to utilize phenol and similar aromatic compounds. Cells may be branched.


 * 2. Cells embedded in a gelatinous matrix; this matrix may be of a branching form.


 * B. Requires at least 12 per cent salt before growth will take place.

(Chlorobacterium Guillebeau, Landw. Jahrb. d. Schweiz, 4, 1890, 32; Migula, Arb. bakt. Inst. Karlsruhe, 1, 1894, 237.)

Pseu.do'mo.nas or Pseu.do.mo'nas. Gr. pseudes false; Gr. monas a unit, monad; M.L. fem.n. Pseudomonas false monad.

Cells monotrichous, lophotrichous or non-motile. Gram-negative. Frequently develop