Page:Benton 1959 The Clock Problem (Clock Paradox) in Relativity.djvu/31



The invariance with motion of the measurement of two-way light signals in the Michelson-Morley experiment is extrapolated to one-way measurements. The time of arrival of signals at a distant point is accepted as indeterminate, in accordance with the before-and-after characterization of Robb; but it is shown that, in spite of this indeterminancy, definite expressions can be obtained for the operations involved in measuring one-way signals. Extension of the same reasoning leads to Lorentz-type transformations expressed in terms of observable rod and clock readings, which include the self-observed velocities of moved clocks used to set the epochs of distant clocks.

Considers Fitzgerald's contraction as applied to clocks.

A discussion of the theory in connection with a change in clock rate.

The history of the idea of variation of frequency with velocity is followed through Voigt, Larmor, Lorentz and Einstein. The Michelson-Morley experiment is explained.

Considers the effects of variations in the properties of rods and clocks due to their motion through the ether.

Transformations of the Lorentz type are derived in terms of distance and time measurements made by rods and clocks subject to the Fitzgerald-Larmor-Lorentz contractions by their motion through the ether. These transformations contain terms involving the self-measured velocity of a transported setting clock which