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 of Mârabîn. When Jai was reduced, these nobles offered homage, agreeing to pay the kharâj; and because they disdained to pay poll-tax, they became Moslems.

. It is stated by al-Kalbi and abu-l-Yaḳẓân that after al-Hudhail ibn-Ḳais al-ʿAnbari was appointed governor of Iṣbahân in the time of Marwân, the ʿAnbari clan moved there.

. The grandfather of abu-Dulaf (abu-Dulaf being al-Ḳâsim ibn-ʿÎsa ibn-Idrîs ibn-Maʿḳil al-ʿIjli), whose occupation consisted in preparing perfumes and trading in sheep, came to al-Jabal with a number of his relatives and occupied a village at Hamadhân called Mass. They became wealthy and came to own many [crown] villages. One day Idrîs ibn-Maʿḳil attacked a merchant who owed him money and choked him. Others say he choked him and took his money. Therefore, he was carried away to al-Kûfah, where he was imprisoned. This took place when Yûsuf ibn-ʿUmar ath-Thaḳafi ruled over al-ʿIrâḳ in the days of Hishâm ibn-Abd-al-Malik.

. After that, ʿÎsa ibn-Idrîs came to al-Karaj, which he reduced and whose fort, which was dilapidated, he rebuilt. Abu-Dulaf al-Ḳâsim ibn-ʿÎsa strengthened his position and rose into eminence in the eyes of the sulṭân. He enlarged that fort and built the city of al-Karaj which was for that reason called after him Karaj abi-Dulaf. Al-Karaj to-day forms a district by itself.

. The inhabitants of Ḳumm threw off their allegiance and withheld the kharâj. Al-Maʾmûn directed against them ʿAli ibn-Hishâm al-Marwazi, recruiting him with troops and ordering him to wage war