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28 quency of the issue. At first, its circulation was limited to members of the fraternity, but this restriction was removed in 1881.

The Phi Kappa Psi Monthly followed in 1875. In 1876 it was changed to a quarterly, and the next year it failed by the death of the editor. In 1879, this was succeeded by the Shield, which was commenced as a private enterprise. It met with varying fortunes, and suspended in April, 1882. In 1883 it was made the official organ of the fraternity, and has since been published as such.

In 1877, ΔΤΔ entered the field with a monthly called the Crescent. It was a success, and the next year was officially adopted as the organ of the fraternity, and placed under the control of the Alpha chapter. In February, 1886, its name was changed to the Rainbow, out of compliment to the Southern fraternity which then united with ΔΤΔ.

Down to 1878, this new feature of fraternity administration was monopolized by the fraternities of Western origin. At this date, the Cornell chapter of ΨΥ began the issue of a periodical called the Diamond. It met with little support, and soon suspended. In 1882 it was revived by some members of the chapter at Union College. Its place of publication was soon afterwards changed to New York, and in 1886 it was placed under the control of the executive council of the fraternity. Soon after this it suspended.

ΦΓΔ began the publication at Delaware, Ohio, of an official journal called the Phi Gamma Delta, in 1879, under authority of the convention held the preceding year.