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Rh versity of North Carolina; the ΣΑ, or the Black Badge fraternity, was founded at Roanoke College, and ΔΤΔ at Bethany College. In 1860, a third ΧΦ was founded at Hobart, where other fraternities had existed for many years.

During the Civil War, collegiate activity was everywhere weakened, and in the South practically suspended. In the North, ΘΞ, founded at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1864, was the only fraternity originating during that period. It was also the first professional fraternity aiming to restrict its membership to persons intending to engage in the same profession. After the war, the state of affairs in the South was so uncertain that the re-establishment of chapters by the Northern fraternities was not at once generally undertaken. It was natural, therefore, that new Southern fraternities should be created, and more especially at institutions made prominent by their military character.

At the Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Va., ΑΤΩ was born in 1865, ΚΣΚ in 1867, and ΣΝ in 1869; ΚΑ (S. O) was founded at Washington and Lee University, located in the same town, in 1865. In 1867, ΑΓ originated at Cumberland University and ΚΣ at the University of Virginia, while ΠΚΑ was also founded at the University of Virginia one year later. In 1868, D. G. K., an agricultural society, was founded at the Massachusetts Agricultural College, where Q. T. V., a similar society, was also founded the next year, and ΦΣΚ, a third society, in 1873. In 1869, ΦΔΦ, a legal fraternity, was founded at the University of Michigan. Since then the development of the system in a healthy manner has been