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 12 FARGHANA the mandrake (mihr-giyah) the people there call by this name (i.e. ayiq auti). There are turquoise and iron mines in these mountains. If people do justly, three or four thousand men¹ may be maintained by the revenues of Farghāna. (b. Historical narrative resumed.)² As 'Umar Shaikh Mirzā was a ruler of high ambition and great pretension, he was always bent on conquest. On several occasions he led an army against Samarkand; sometimes he was beaten, sometimes retired against his will. More than once he asked his father-in-law into the country, that is to say, my grandfather, Yūnas Khān, the then Khān of the Mughūls in the camping ground (yurt) of his ancestor, Chaghatãi Khān, the second son of Chingiz Khān. Each time the Mirzā brought The Khān into the Farghāna country he gave him lands, but, partly owing to his misconduct, partly to the thwarting of the Fol. 6. Mughūls, things did not go as he wished and Yūnas Khān, not being able to remain, went out again into Mughūlistān. When the Mīrzā last brought The Khān in, he was in possession of 4 villages or towns) might be found as an occasional name of Alti-shahr (Six towns). See T.R. s.n. Alti-shahr. 1 kishi, person, here manifestly fighting men. 2 Elph. MS. f. 26; First W.-i-B. I.O. 215 f. 4b; Second W.-i-B. I.O. 217 f. 4; Mems. p. 6; Ilminsky p. 7; Méms. i. 10. The rulers whose affairs are chronicled at length in the Farghāna Section of the B.N. are, (I) of Timurid Turks, (always styled Mirza), (a) the three Mirān-shāhi brothers, Ahmad, Mahmud and 'Umar Shaikh with their successors, Bãi-sunghar, 'Ali and Bābur; (b) the Bãi-qara, Husain of Harāt: (II) of Chingiz Khānīds, (always styled Khan,) (a) the two Chaghatāi Mughūl brothers, Maḥmud and Aḥmad; (b) the Shaibānid Aūzbeg, Muḥammad Shaibani (Shāh-i-bakht or Shaibāq or Shāhi Beg). In electing to use the name Shaibānī, I follow not only the Ilai. Codex but also Shaibāni's Boswell, Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ Mirzā. The Elph. MS. frequently uses Shaibāq but its authority down to f. 198 (Ilai. MS. f. 2436) is not so great as it is after that folio, because not till f. 198 is it a direct copy of Babur's own. It may be more correct to write "the Shaibānī Khān" and perhaps even "the Shaibāni."

3 bi murad, so translated because retirement was caused once by the overruling of Khwāja 'Ubaidu'l-lah Ahrari. (T.R. p. 113.) 4 Once the Mirzǎ did not wish Yūnas to winter in Akhsi; once did not expect him to yield to the demand of his Mughūls to be led out of the cultivated country (wilayat). His own misconduct included his attack in Yünas on account of Akhsi and much falling-out with kinsmen. (T.R. s.nn.)