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 4. Tanvīn, (written َ, َ, َ, ا َ), which occurs chiefly in Arabic words, is romanized un, in, an, and an, respectively.

5. The consonant letter ‫ ة‬at the end of Arabic words in the genitive construction (iz̤āfah) is romanized by t.

Grammatical Structure as It Affects Romanization

6. Iz̤āfah. When two Persian words are used in an Azerbaijani context in a relationship known as iz̤āfah, the first word (the muz̤āf) is followed by an additional letter or syllable in romanization. This is added according to the following rules:


 * (a) When the muz̤āf bears no special mark of iz̤āfah, it is followed by -i.

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 * (b) When the muz̤āf is marked by the addition of ‫ء‬, it is followed by -’i.

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 * (c) When the muz̤āf is marked by the addition of ‫ى‬, it is followed by -yi.

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 * (d) Iz̤āfah is represented in romanization of personal names when implied in the Perso-Arabic script.

Affixes and Compounds

7. Affixes.


 * (a) When the affix and the word with which it is connected grammatically are written separately in Azerbaijani, the two are separated in romanization by a single prime ( ʹ ).


 * (b) The Arabic article al is separated by a hyphen, in romanization, from the word to which it is prefixed.