Page:Authors Guild v. Google (2015).pdf/5

 Paul M. Smith, Jenner & Block LLP, Washington, DC (Edward H. Rosenthal, Jeremy S. Goldman, Anna Kadyshevich, Andrew D. Jacobs, Frankfurt Kurnit Klein & Selz PC, New York, N.Y., on the brief), for Plaintiff–Appellants.

Seth P. Waxman, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, Washington, D.C. (Louis R. Cohen, Daniel P. Kearney, Jr., Weili J. Shaw, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, Washington D.C & Daralyn J. Durie, Joseph C. Gratz, Durie Tangri LLP, San Francisco, CA, on the brief), for Defendant–Appellee.

Before: LEVAL, CABRANES, PARKER, Circuit Judges.

LEVAL, Circuit Judge:

This copyright dispute tests the boundaries of fair use. Plaintiffs, who are authors of published books under copyright, sued Google, Inc. (“Google”) for copyright infringement in the United States District