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46 daily one hundred and fifty thousand feet of rough and dressed lumber; a planing-mill, and a box-factory turning out annually one million boxes; besides half a dozen other mills in the vicinity. The timber to feed these mills is in the immediate neighborhood, and consists of fir, spruce, hemlock, and cedar. Spruce is used for boxes, owing to its being odorless and free from warping. Ship and bridge timber is also obtained from the adjacent forests. The material for manufacturing furniture is abundant,—namely, oak, maple, ash, cedar, larch, and alder, which is still unappropriated.

Astoria has a large iron and brass foundry, three machine-, two boiler-, and several blacksmith-shops; but the iron, coal, and limestone in its vicinity are unworked; a tannery utilizes the helmlock bark found conveniently near; these few manufacturing enterprises being all that are represented in this city by the sea. It has a national and a private bank; good schools and handsome school buildings; eight church edifices, and all the usual orders and societies; two morning newspapers and one evening journal; a chamber of commerce; water-works, street-car lines, and most of the other accessories of modern urban comfort.

The imports of Astoria for eleven months in 1889 amounted to one hundred and twenty-one thousand seven hundred and forty-nine dollars, on which the duties were forty-two thousand one hundred and thirty-seven dollars and forty-five cents, the heaviest bill being for tin plates used in manufacturing fish-cans. The value of cargoes of wheat, lumber, fish, flour, and miscellaneous exports shipped direct from Astoria was nine hundred and thirty-three thousand six hundred and ninety-eight dollars. The arrivals of vessels from January 1 to December 1 numbered ninety, with a total tonnage of ninety-three thousand seven hundred and fifty-eight. The steamers, sloops, schooners, barks, and ships owned in this city number seventy-five.

Within half a dozen years about one thousand acres of tideland have been reclaimed by diking at Tansy Point on the Clatsop peninsula, the land proving immensely productive, and demonstrating that farming is not a lost art on the sea-coast. Other similar improvements will undoubtedly follow, giving, in