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278 speech can be produced by no other part than the pharynx, those creatures only can speak which have lungs, as speech is the articulation of the voice by the tongue. , the voice and larynx send forth vowels, the tongue and lips consonants, and these together make up speech. So, too, Cuvier says, that "man alone among animals can articulate sounds, owing probably to the form of his mouth and the mobility of his lips." The pharynx, so called, and trachea, are of cartilaginous nature, and this because they are for the sake of the voice as well as breathing; and it is necessary that that, which is to give out sound, should have firmness as well as smoothness. But the larynx and pharynx are here alluded to as if they were one and the same organ, and it may be, that owing to the complicity of the parts and their multiplied relations to one another, they were then so considered; but yet passages might be cited, which seem to shew that they were known, both by function and position, to be different organs.

Note 7, p. 105. Nature employs, simultaneously, the air, &c.] It was assumed by the physiologists of that and, indeed, many subsequent ages, that the office of is merely to cool the blood, or rather to temper its heat, which was supposed to be constantly tending to an excess incompatible with life. In modern times, on the