Page:Architectural Review and American Builders' Journal, Volume 1, 1869.djvu/306

 250 Sloan's Architectural Review and Builders' Journal. [October, which is indicated on both sides ; but only lettered, for reference, on one. B, the flooring-joists, resting on the walls, the bearing of which is on a line with the lower end of the brackets, and two feet below the plancier* of the cornice. In instances where the house is exposed on either side, or on both sides, "look- out" joists will be necessary, which must be framed into the regular joists, back, about one foot distant from the wall, and should not be more than two feet apart. The trimmer-joists should be either five inches thick, or be formed by two ordinary ones pinned together, in order to obtain additional strength to rnC;ke up for that which is lost by the mortices for the lookout joists. C is the lookout-piece and skeleton bracket, to receive the cornice : it should be one and a-half inches thick, and securely nailed to the main rafter E, and upright stud D. F is the furring-piece, nailed on the side of the rafters and lookouts : this is also one and a-half inches thick, and forms the curve line of the roof, with a small gutter constructed at this point, to check the drip from the cor- nice. E is the main rafter on the sloping sides of the roof, three inches by eight, and two feet apart, secured to a sill at the foot, which is firmky spiked into the joists B, and is even with the face of the wall, on the exterior of the building. D is the upright stud, that acts as a spur or brace, and forms a plumb-line in the interior of the room. This also extends to the floor, and is secured to a sill, in a similar manner with the rafter just described ; but these upright studs are generally placed close to the inner face of the wall. By this arrangement there is comparatively little space lost in the rooms of this story. The size of these upright studs is three by four inches ; and they are checked into the rafters at the ceiling- line, as indicated by the connection with planceer, and plancher. We give what we deem the preferable mode. the rafters beneath the collar-beam. G is the collar-beam, two and a-half inches by eight, dovetailed into the rafters, and well nailed. H is a brace from the centre to the head of the rafter. I is the top-rafter. J is a truss-piece, in the centre, of double thickness. Each is one and a-half inches thick, and dovetailed into both sides of the head of the rafters, 1 ; and also into the collar- beams, G ; and well secured to each of them. K is the top-plate framed into the head of the rafters; L is the board- ing that forms the frieze beneath the cornice, as it appears without the wall ; but this is mostly carried up as high as the lookout joists ; is usually termed beam-filling, and should never be omit- ted, as on it depends entirely the sta- bility and strength of the footings of the rafters. It also acts as a support to the lookout joists. M shows the rafters, looking towards them from the in- side ; and N, the same as the}'' will appear from the outside, with the furring-pieces for the curved line of the roof nailed on the sides ; and the lookouts also are shown, as they are nailed on O is the profile and face of the bracket of the cornice. P is the upper furring-piece and cornice, with the gutter for the water from that portion of the roof. The conductors to convey the water from these gutters should be carried down between the timbers of the roof, in order to conceal them ; and should be connected with the lower conductor, beneath the main cornice. The upper portion of the roof, which has usually a slight pitch, should be first covered with what are termed sheathing-boards, and then with tin. The sheathing-boards must be well sea- soned, not less than one inch thick, narrow, securely nailed to the rafters, and invariably tongued and grooved, so that, when laid, they will present an even surface for the metal covering. The sides of the roof that form the curve are boarded in a similar manner, except that the sheathing is laid with
 * Indifferently spelled by the authorities plancere,