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 IN MILITARY OPERATIONS, 383 which I have ah'eadj referred. In such cases it would be absurd to pretend, that all the tools discovered were designed exclusively for martial purposes. A founder's workshop must be supposed to have furnished intruments to carpenters and other artificers, whether they were to be employed in times of war or of peace. But all the principal implements necessary for domestic purposes were also required in order to construct military engines, to raise or to destroy fortifications, and to make the furniture of the camp. We learn from Vegetius,^ that a legion was attended by carpenters, smiths, and other workmen, for making and repairing arms, carriages, equipages, canoes, wooden towers, and engines of all kinds for the defence and attack of fortified places ; and that it was furnished with chisels, hatchets, adzes, and saws {dolahrce, secures, ascice, serrcp) for sawing, cutting, and planing wood ; and with hoes, spades, shovels, rakes, hand-barrows, and baskets, for digging and removing earth. If we further bear in mind, that a Roman legion was stationed, for a long time, at the same place, instead of being often moved like an English regiment,^ we shall the more easily conceive how readily the engineers and artificers belonging to the legion might be employed, not only in making roads and bridges all over the country, but in the work of any neighbouring farm or villa. Two sets of tools more especially deserve attention in connection with our present subject, viz. gouges and those used to cut leather. Gouges were certainly employed to round and polish the shafts of arrows and of spears. This we learn from the following extract :^ — " Ex parvissimis dolaturis, quales lan- cearum sive sagittarum hastas polientes faciunt." /. e. " Of the smallest shavings, such as are made by those who poHsh the shafts of lances or arrows." ' De Re Mil., 1. ii., c. 10, 11, and 25. abundance of evidence both from ancient York before ad. 190, and had its head inscriptions on stone, that the twenty- quarters there as long as the Roman second legion was employed in Germany power endured in Bi'itain (Wellbcloved's from a.d. (58 to A.n. .SO.?. In fact, a legion Ehuraaun, p. 34). The Twenty-first was attached to a particular district almost Legion was in like manner i)ermanently like a colony or a corporation ; and hence settled in Switzerland (Schmidt, Antiqui- arose the immen.se influence of the Roman te's de la Suisse, p. 49). Mr. Hermann occupation upon the manners and habits Wiener, in his dissertation De Legioiic of the natives. Romanorum Viccsinia Secunda, {Barm- ** Adelunf^, Olossarium Med. et Inf. Lat., stadt, 1830), has proved, by collecting an turn. iii. p. 183.
 * The Si.th Legion was estabhshed at authors and from bricks, pottery, and