Page:Archaeological Journal, Volume 5.djvu/254

 194 DISCOVERY OF ROMAN REMAINS way Head, commanding the camps of Musbmy and Yardbniy. The view of the camp in the parish of DawUsh, on Little Haklon, is now intercepted by the Mamhead plantations, but must have been visible, and by it there would have been com- munication with the camps at Ugbrooke and those on Den- bury Down and Milbury Down, south-west of the river Teign, and ]Iodbury in the south Hams. The name of Cadbury has been derived from the Celtic 'cat' or ' cad,' helium, inilitia, jjralhnn. Hence the tribes of the Catti and Chattuarii received their designation, on account of their warlike character, and to this etymon are to be traced the appellatives Catumerus, or celebrated in war ; Catvalda, powerful in war ; Csedmon, a man of war, &c. ' Bury,' in its primary signification, denoted a place of defence, whether strong by nature or fortified by art, usually situated on emi- nences, especially in early times. The number of hill-fortresses in our own country, which have preserved the name of Bury, is very considerable. In Welsh, 'cad' signifies a battle; ' cader,' a strong or fortified place, as Cader Idris, &c. There are several other places in the western counties of England still known by the same primeval designation ; for example, in Devonshire, Cadbury to the north of Chumleigh ; in Somer- setshire, Cadbury Camp to the west of Wraxall, North and South Cadbury south of Castle Cary, and near the remarkable fortress of Camalet, where Roman coins and remains have been frequently discovered. We find also Cadbury Heath in Gloucestershire between Bristol and Bath ; Cadleigh in Devonshire, the adjoining parish to that of Cadbury, the camp in which is the subject of this memoir ; Cadleigh, near Plymp- ton Earle ; Cadley near Marlborough, and Cadly in Glamor- ganshire, north-west of Swansea ; Cadhay, near Ottery St. Mary, Devon ; and Cadlands on the banks of the Southamp- ton water, Hants. ^ Mr. Em^sdon's attention had often been attracted to a dip or indentation in the centre of the area of Cadbury Camp, and in March last he determined on having an excavation made ; a very little beneath the surface soil, the workmen came upon " made ground," and at the depth of six feet the form of a shaft or well was evident about eight feet in diameter, but filled in with rubble, earth, &c. At the depth of twcnty- " See observations on names of places in Hartshorne's Salopia Antiqua, p. 245.