Page:Archaeological Journal, Volume 29.djvu/316

 26-> EXPLORATIONS IN ROME. Saturn, 'ni a great fosse oiitsi<Ie of it, Avlicre the fisli-market Avas made, and under the Church of S. Angelo in Pescheria (or '"the angel in the fisli-niarket "). There ^Yas a double line of defence, as was usual, across this valley, — the Ghetto and the fish-market are now in the great outer fosse, and a portion of the outer wall remains under the church. This was for many centuries the boundary of the city at that point; and the Porta Trium])halis was built there, the remains of which now form the ])orcli of that church. The clifVs on the north side of the Hill of Saturn were considered a sufficient defence to complete the circuit. This was a mistake, as wc know tliat the cliffs were scaled and the Capitol was taken. Some excavations have been also made by Signer Rosa near the arch of Janus, and here remains of a wall were found, of the same character as the wall of Konudus against the cliff of the Palatine. This confirms my view that the original entrance to the fortifications of the Palatine was at this point, the Aqua Argentina having served as a wet ditch from the Lupercal, in which it rises, to the point where it falls into the other stream coming from the (^uirinal, after- wards made the Cloaca ]raxima. This stream had been the ditch imder the north-end of the Palatine, and at the point of junction there would naturally be a drawbridge, and a tower, and a Janus or gateway-arch with four faces would be the more convenient where four roads met, from the Palatine, the Capitol, the Forum Uoinanum, and the Forum Boarium. This is the natural entrance to a zig-zag road up the north end of the Palatine, and the terrace at the foot of the upper cliff, against which the earliest wall in Ivomo is built, and in which a L;ateway is cut, called by Signor Posa the I'orta Uomana, but whicii may be the Porta Mugionis, bccau.sc the cattle would come up this way from the Korum ]i(jarium, the Sinithfield or cattle mai-ket of .'iiicicnt Ivoiiic. The arch stands over the principal stream, and close tu iIjo point of junction of the two streams. We now come to what is usually called the Palatini: proper, the level .surface of the liill within the scarped cliffs and old walls. In this part great excavations have been continued, and nuich lias been di.scovcred. A woik of the earliest j)friod has been found in the form of a small temple built of tufa, of the same character as the wall (»f Pomulus round the Jionian (^uadrala. Jtemains of the earliest wall had